败育雄性毛白杨优良无性系的生长性状特征和光合特性

Characterization of Growth Traits and Photosynthetic Properties of Good Asexual Lines of Abortive Male Populus tomentosa

在河北省林业和草原科学研究院院内的试验林内(2019年秋季栽植,每个品种4次重复随机区组设计,每个小区4株,株行距为4 m×4 m),选取败育毛白杨雄株‘1605’(简称‘1605’)无性系、正常可育雄株‘毛白杨1316’(简称‘1316’)无性系的3年生苗木为试验苗木,测定毛白杨无性系花序(花粉)特征、生长形态特征、光合蒸腾特性;采用t检验法、皮尔逊(Pearson)相关性分析法,分析败育毛白杨雄株无性系和可育雄株无性系间生长特性、光合特性的差异,分析性状特征、光合特性与败育特征的相关性。结果表明:‘1605’的花粉萌发率低(0.93%),花粉畸形率较高(25.15%)。‘1605’的比叶质量为89.94 g·m^(-2),萌条数量较少,胸径年生长量为3.42 cm,树高年生长量为3.26 m,落叶较晚,树干颜色偏绿色,皮孔形状近圆形,花序较短(9.86 cm)。‘1605’的叶绿素a质量分数(2.53 mg·g^(-1))、类胡萝卜素质量分数(0.38 mg·g^(-1))均较低。‘1605’的光合速率显著优于‘1316’,且8月份的净光合速率最高(21.54μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)),显著大于6月份和7月份。综合试验结果,败育毛白杨雄株‘1605’具有花粉败育特性,且生长特性和光合特性均显著优于可育雄株。

In the test forest within the courtyard of Hebei Academy of Forestry and Grassland Science(planted in the fall of 2019,four replicates of each species in a randomized block design,four plants per plot,with a spacing of 4 m×4 m),3-a seedlings of the abortive Populus tomentosa male plant‘1605’(‘1605’for short),the normal fertile male plant‘1316’(‘1316’)asexual line were selected as test seedlings,and asexual line,normal fertile male‘Populus 1316’asexual line of 3-a seedlings as test seedlings,we determined the poplar asexual line inflorescence(pollen)characteristics,growth and morphological characteristics,photosynthetic and transpiration characteristics.T-test and Pearson’s correlation analysis were used to analyze the differences in growth characteristics and photosynthetic characteristics between male asexual lines of aborted poplar and fertile male asexual lines,and to analyze the correlation between trait characteristics,photosynthetic characteristics and aborted characteristics.The‘1605’had low pollen germination(0.93%)and high pollen deformity(25.15%).‘1605’had a specific leaf mass of 89.94 g·m-2,low number of sprouts,annual growth at breast height(BD)of 3.42 cm,annual growth in tree height(AGH)of 3.26 m,late defoliation,greenish trunk color,sub-circular lenticel shape,and short inflorescence(9.86 cm).‘1605’had lower chlorophyll content of 2.53 mg·g^(-1)and carotenoid content of 0.38 mg·g^(-1).The photosynthetic rate of‘1605’was significantly better than that of‘1316’and the highest net photosynthetic rate(21.54μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1))was recorded in August,which was significantly greater than that in June and July.As a result of the combined test,the abortive male plant‘1605’had pollen abortive characteristics,and its growth and photosynthetic characteristics were significantly better than those of the fertile male plant.