水系锌离子电容器正极材料的研究进展

The research process of cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ioncapacitors

随着智能电子产品和电动汽车的普及,人们对高效率储能装置的需求日益迫切。锌离子电容器(ZICs)结合超级电容器和锌离子电池的储能机制,可以在兼顾功率密度的同时提供理想的能量密度,成为当前最具有发展前景的电化学储能装置之一。与锂离子电池相比,ZICs具有低成本、高安全性和高理论容量等优势。但是它的发展尚且处于初期阶段,低电容量和容量衰减等问题严重阻碍其工业化进程,因此对于电极材料的开发和储能机制的探究仍旧是当前研究的热点。正极材料作为该装置的核心部件之一,其组织形貌和性能对器件综合电化学性能有着至关重要的作用。本文阐述了多孔碳材料、结构碳材料、过渡金属氧化物和MXenes作为正极材料当前的研究进展,介绍了材料的制备方法和结构设计,着重分析储能机制和电化学行为,以及对性能衰减的原因进行了讨论。最后,对正极材料当前所面临的挑战及未来的发展进行了展望。

With the popularity of smart electronics and electric vehicles,there is an increasingly urgent need for high-efficiency energy storage devices.Zinc-ion capacitors can provide ideal energy and power density by integrating the energy storage mechanisms of supercapacitors and zinc-ion batteries.So,they have become one of the most promising electrochemical energy storage systems.Compared with Li-ion batteries,ZICs have the advantages of low cost,high safety,and high theoretical capacity.However,their development is still in the infant stage,and poor capacity and decay seriously prevent industrialization.Therefore,at present,the exploration of electrode materials and energy storage mechanisms are still hot spots.The cathode material is one of the core components of devices,and its microstructure and properties play a crucial role in electrochemical performance.This paper describes the current research advances inporous carbon materials,structural carbon materials,transition metal oxides,and transition metal carbide/nitride as cathode materials.The preparation method and structural design of materials are introduced.Moreover,the energy storage mechanisms and electrochemical behaviors are emphasized,and the causes of performance degradation are discussed.Finally,the current challenges and future development of cathode materials are pointed out.