水电解制氢用商业化阴离子交换膜发展现状

Progress in developing commercial anion exchange membranes for hydrogen production by water electrolysis

在全球碳中和的战略背景下,全球主要经济体陆续提出氢能发展规划与目标,将氢能的发展上升至战略高度。通过可再生能源电解水制取绿色、低碳氢气获得了前所未有的全球共识。新一代阴离子交换膜水电解(AEMWE)制氢技术是基于阴离子交换膜(AEM)开发的新一代制氢技术,兼具低成本的材料体系和灵活的动态响应特性,有望在未来实现大规模应用。AEMWE制氢技术近年来受到了国内外广泛的关注,并临近商业化应用。本文围绕AEMWE制氢技术的关键材料——阴离子交换膜开展论述,介绍了代表性商业化膜材料的结构特点和理化特性,讨论了以AEM为核心的膜电极组件(MEA)制备工艺研究进展。本文重点分析讨论了多种商业化AEM在水电解制氢过程中的性能表现,分析了水电解制氢过程中膜电极性能的影响因素,并结合长时间运行稳定性评估了多种商业化AEM的应用潜力。最后从产业化推广的角度,文章总结了关键AEM材料在电解水制氢领域应用所面临的技术难题,提出了可能的发展方向,期望为AEMWE制氢技术的发展提供借鉴和参考。

In light of the global carbon-neutral strategy,major economies worldwide have successfully put forward hydrogen energy development plans and targets,raising the development of hydrogen energy to a strategic level.The green and low-carbon hydrogen production by water electrolysis from renewable energy sources has gained unprecedented global consensus.The novel hydrogen production technology by anion exchange membrane water electrolysis(AEMWE)is developed based on the anion exchange membrane(AEM),combining a low-cost material system and flexible dynamic response characteristics,which holds great potential in large-scale application in the future.Futhermore,AEMWE hydrogen production technology has received widespread attention both in domestic and overseas in recent years and is close to commercial application.This paper focuses on the key materials of AEMWE hydrogen production technology,AEM,introduces the structural characteristics and physicochemical properties of the representative commercial membrane materials,and discusses the progress of the membrane electrode assembly(MEA)preparation process based on AEM.This paper also highlights the performance of various commercial AEMs in the hydrogen production process by water electrolysis,analyzes the influence factor on the MEA performance in water electrolysis,and evaluates the potential in the application according to the long-time stability performance.Finally,from the industrialization perspective,the article summarizes the technical difficulties for the key AEM materials as well as possible directions in the hydrogen production field by electrolysis,and expects to provide references for developing AEMWE hydrogen production technology.