国内外新型储能相关政策及商业模式分析

Analysis of new energy storage policies and business models in China and abroad

储能发展尚处于早期阶段,国内外均针对储能制定了一系列政策支持储能发展。相比于国内,欧洲、美国、澳大利亚等国家及地区储能相关政策及商业模式更成熟,储能项目经济性也更好,成熟的市场规则和良好的经济性更有利于储能行业健康可持续发展。对比国内外储能相关政策及商业模式,分析中国储能发展的不足,对国内储能发展具有重要的借鉴意义。本文首先介绍了欧洲、美国和澳大利亚在电价、规划、财税补贴、市场规则等方面的相关支持政策,分析了主要国家的表前和表后储能的商业模式;其次,总结了中国在储能规划、参与电力市场、补贴、强制配储能、电价等方面出台的相关政策,分析了新能源配储、用户侧储能、火储联合调频、独立储能等场景的商业模式;最后,通过对比国内外储能政策与商业模式,得出对我国储能政策及市场机制方面的启示,提出我国应在加大储能财税补贴力度、减少强配储能、加快储能参与电力现货市场进度、增加储能可参与的电力市场服务种类等方面进行改进和优化。

The development of energy storage technologies is still in its early stages,and a series of policies have been formulated in China and abroad to support energy storage development.Compared to China,developed countries such as Europe,the United States,and Australia have more mature policies and business models related to energy storage.Furthermore,their energy storage projects have better economic efficiency.Mature market rules and good economic performance are more conducive to the healthy and sustainable development of the energy storage industry.Comparing energy storage policies and business models of China and foreign countries,and analyzing the energy storage development shortcomings in China,has essential reference significance for developing the energy storage industry in China.This article first introduces the relevant support policies in electricity prices,planning,financial and tax subsidies,market rules,etc.,in Europe,the United States,and Australia,and analyzes the pre-meter and post-meter energy storage business models in major countries.Secondly,this article summarizes the relevant policies introduced by China in energy storage planning,participation in the electricity market,financial and tax subsidies,mandatory new energy storage,and electricity prices.Moreover,it analyzes the business models of new energy distribution and storage,user-side energy storage,controlling frequency of thermal energy storage,independent energy storage,and other scenarios.Finally,inspiration is drawn for China's energy storage policies and market mechanisms by comparing energy storage policies and business models of China and foreign countries.It is proposed that China should improve and optimize its energy storage policies by increasing financial and tax subsidies,reducing the forced energy storage allocation,accelerating the progress of energy storage contribution to the electricity spot market,and increasing the types of electricity market services in which energy storage can participate.