核辐射监测量与单位探讨

Discussion on Quantities and Units for Nuclear Radiation Monitoring

核辐射监测研究领域中,量与单位是个基础性问题。长期以来,量与单位理解与使用方面的混乱,在很大程度上影响了核辐射监测技术的健康发展。回顾了国内外核辐射监测量与单位的发展历史,重点探讨了急性大剂量照射情况下个人剂量监测用辐射量与单位。提出了一套新的核辐射监测量与单位,对大剂量急性照射采用RBE计权红骨髓平均吸收剂量;对低剂量率、小剂量照射采用实用辐射量,以确保与国际、国内相关标准一致。最后,对辐射量的可替代性与可测性、核辐射监测器材的兼容性,以及大剂量照射个人剂量监测器材的持续发展等值得关注的实际问题进行了探讨。

In the research field of nuclear radiation monitoring,the issue of quantities and units is fundamental.For a long time,the confusion in the understanding and use of quantities and units has greatly affected the healthy development of nuclear radiation monitoring technology.The worldwide history of quantities and units for nuclear radiation monitoring is reviewed,and the quantities and units for personal dose monitoring under the condition of acute high level irradiation are specially discussed.A new set of quantities and units for nuclear radiation monitoring is proposed,with RBE-weighted averaged absorbed dose in red bone marrow used for high level acute irradiation and operational radiation quantities used for low dose rate and low dose irradiation,so as to ensure consistency with relevant international and domestic standards.Finally,some practical issues of concern are discussed,which are the substitutability and measurability of radiation quantities,the compatibility of nuclear radiation monitoring equipment,and the continuous development of high level personal dose monitoring equipment.