基于3D GIS的突发化学事故危害评估与救援辅助决策支持系统

3D GIS-based Decision-making Support System for Hazard Assessment and Rescue of Emergent Chemical Accidents

化学事故具有突发性强、环境污染破坏严重、救援难度大等特点,对突发化学事故的影响范围、破坏程度进行快速评估,为事故抢险救援提供决策支持,是应对重特大突发化学事故、降低事故损失的重要手段。本文基于三维地理信息系统(Three-dimensional Geographic Information System,3D GIS),在充分考虑下垫面影响的前提下,研究了大气污染扩散模型,提出了扩散场快速构建技术及兼顾污染分区的救援力量调度方法,并以此为核心建立了系统总体框架,形成了集扩散模拟、危害分析、救援调度等功能于一体的突发化学事故危害评估与救援辅助决策支持系统,可为突发化学事故危害后果评估与辅助救援决策提供有效的技术支撑。

Chemical accidents are featured by strong suddenness,severe environmental pollution and damage,and difficult rescue.Rapid assessment of the impact scope and damage degree of sudden chemical accidents,providing decision-making support for accident rescue,is an important means to respond to major chemical accidents and reduce accident losses.Based on the threedimensional geographic information system(3D GIS),with fully consideration of the influence of underlying surface,the atmospheric pollution diffusion model was studied.The diffusion field rapid construction technology and the rescue force dispatching method were proposed,taking into account pollution zones.On this basis,the overall framework of emergency chemical accident hazard assessment and rescue auxiliary decision support system was established,which integrated the functions of diffusion simulation,hazard analysis and rescue dispatching.It is supposed to provide effective technical support for the assessment of the consequences of emergent chemical accidents.