我国“工业大学”与英国多科技术学院之比较

A Comparative Study of Polytechnical Universities in China and Polytechnic Colleges in the UK

高质量的教育对外开放是加快教育强国建设的重要支撑,“工业大学”作为我国高校的重要组成部分,是教育对外开放的主阵地之一,是教育强国建设的重要力量。我国“工业大学”的发展经历了苏联“单科技术学院”模式向行业特色大学或综合性大学的转变,人才培养定位多维、办学层次多元、学科和专业设置多样等特点突出;英国多科技术学院以应用型和职业型为办学定位,人才培养以教学为主,科研集中在应用研究领域,在英国高等教育“二元制”“一元制”转换中作用尤为特殊。建设教育强国,我们要立足国情,探讨国内外工业院校的缘起与发展,分析我国“工业大学”和英国多科技术学院的异同,合理借鉴英国多科技术学院的办学特点和优势,聚焦体制和人才培养、学位和办学层次、学制和学生成分、学科和专业设置等方面,为新时代我国“工业大学”高质量发展提供对策建议。

High quality educational opening up to the outside world is a solid foundation for the fast development of education in China.As a big part of the Chinese universities,polytechnical university is a great force for educational opening-up and for strengthening Chinese education.Polytechnical universities in China have transformed from the former Soviet Union’s“single-subject technical college”model to either industry-featured universities or comprehensive universities,with prominent characteristics such as multi-dimensional talent cultivation orientation,diversified educational levels and classification of disciplines.Polytechnic colleges in the UK are oriented towards applied and vocational education,with a focus on teaching and applied research.They have played a particularly special role in UK’s transition from a binary system of higher education to a unitary system.To strengthen Chinese education,on the basis of Chinese conditions,we should explore the origin and development of polytechnical universities at home and abroad,analyze the similarities and differences between polytechnical universities in China and British polytechnic institutes,learn from the characteristics and advantages of the British polytechnic institutes,and focus on the system and personnel cultivation,degrees and school levels,academic systems and student composition,and the classification of disciplines,so as to provide suggestions for the high-quality development of polytechnical universities in China in the new era.