职业教育适老化的缘起、样态与路向

Aging⁃Friendly Vocational Education:Origin,Pattern and Approaches

在“积极应对人口老龄化”的国家战略背景下,银发经济蓬勃发展、年轻劳动力萎缩以及个体晚年期延长等复合交织营造的现实环境,亟需职业教育发挥其类型教育优势并进一步拓展社会服务功能,进行“适老化职业教育”转型,以提升对人口老龄化社会的适应性。“适老化职业教育”具备职业教育与老年教育两个维度,可以从社会学的“后职业发展”、文化学的老年生命关怀、教育学的老年教育资源供给和经济学的老年教育生产性功能四个侧面构建“双维四面”实践样态。基于“职老融合”视角,从丰富职业教育功能内涵、调整职业教育专业设置、改革职业教育课程设置与完善职业教育制度环境等方面提出了“适老化职业教育”的建构路向。

Under the background of the national policy initiatives to“address the challenges of an older population,”in view of the complex environment created by the booming silver⁃haired economy,the shrinking young labor force and the prolonged life of individuals in their later years,there is an urgent need for giving full play to the advantages of vocational education in type education,further expanding its social service function,thus carrying out the aging⁃friendly transformation of vocational education to enhance its adaptability to an aging society.There are two dimensions in the“aging⁃friendly vocational education,”i.e.,vocational education and education of the aged.A“two⁃dimensional four⁃aspects”practice pattern could be constructed from the following aspects:“post⁃career development”in sociology,life care for the elderly in culturology,supply of educational resources for the elderly in pedagogy,and productive function of education for the elderly in economics.For better integration of vocational education and education for the aged,this paper puts forward some suggestions for the construction of“aging⁃friendly vocational education,”including enriching the function connotation of vocational education,adjusting the classification of disciplines of vocational education,reforming the curriculum setting of vocational education,and improving the institutional environment of vocational education etc.