康德“批判哲学”走向美生本体论的思维进路

The Thinking Approach of Kant's“Critical Philosophy”Towards the Aesthetics’Ontology of the Genesis of Beauty

从“批判哲学”的整体考察康德美学的思维进路和最终形态,应坚守其以宇宙整体为视域的有机系统观的方法论。在其认识论、实践论和本体论中逐步推进的对现象和物自身之间关系的探究,就是其美学思维逐步推进和深化的过程。特别是实践中开辟的自由小道,弥合认识论与实践论之间的鸿沟,而意志自由的确立,使审美鉴赏判断得以可能。鉴赏判断的主观合目的性向客观合目的性的转化,最终确立起以“本体的人”为自我生成最高目的的美生本体论。基于此,康德的形而上学美学具有“第一哲学”的性质。

Examining the thinking approach and final form of Kant’s aesthetics from the perspective of“critical philosophy”as a whole,we should stick to his methodology of organic systems view from the perspective of the universe as a whole.In his epistemology,practice and ontology,the gradual exploration of the relationship between phenomena and things themselves is the process through which his aesthetic thinking gradually progresses and drills down.In particular,the path of freedom beaten in practice bridges the gap between epistemology and practice,and the establishment of freedom of will makes aesthetic appreciation and judgment possible.The transformation from subjective purposiveness to objective purposiveness of appreciation and judgment finally establishes the aesthetics’ontology of the genesis of beauty with“ontological person”as the highest purpose of self-generation.Based on this,Kant’s metaphysical aesthetics has the nature of“first philosophy”.