从道德美学到政治美学:席勒对康德美学的超越及其启示

From Moral Aesthetics to Political Aesthetics:Schiller’s Transcendence over Kant’s Aesthetics and Its Implications

席勒虽然借鉴了康德哲学和美学的基本原理、概念范畴,但已经将作为其学理支撑的意志自由和道德法则,置换为政治自由与人性完整。总的看来,席勒的美学不像康德那样旨在培育神圣的道德人格,而以改革国家、改造社会为目的,由此实现由道德美学向政治美学的转型。席勒对康德美学的这种超越和转型为黑格尔、马克思、马尔库塞等人的美学思想提供了重要启示,并对中国现当代美育理论的发展产生了积极的影响。

Although Schiller borrowed the basic principles and conceptual categories of Kant’s philosophy and aesthetics,he has replaced the freedom of will and moral laws with political freedom and the integrity of human nature as the theoretical support for his philosophy.In general,Schiller’s aesthetics is not aimed at cultivating sacred moral personality like Kant,but at reforming the country and transforming society,thus realizing the transformation from moral aesthetics to political aesthetics.Schiller’s transcendence over and transformation from Kant’s aesthetics provided important insights to the aesthetic thought of Hegel,Marx,Marcuse and others,and had a positive impact on the development of contemporary Chinese aesthetic education theory.