论苏轼与弥陀净土之交涉

On Su Shi’s Relationship with Amitabha Buddha’s Pure Land

苏轼与弥陀净土关系颇密,通过考察其往生传说、交涉因缘、净土观念等内容,可知“苏轼往生西方公据”是后人在苏轼与参寥书简的基础上加工演绎而成;苏轼与净土的交涉受家世传统、地域环境(巴蜀、江浙等)以及与之交游的僧人(惠辩、元净、元照等)三种因素的影响;苏轼的弥陀净土观兼摄有相与无相:一方面通过画弥陀像、做水陆道场、念佛诵经等有相功德荐亡亲友,往生净土;另一方面,通过诗文表现无相净土,强调净土的融通,即尘世为净土,从而契合至上玄理,愉悦精神。

There is a close relationship between Su Shi(苏轼1037AD-1101AD)and the Amitabha Buddha’s Pure Land.An examination of the legend of Su Shi’s rebirth,the reason for his contacting with the Pure Land and his view on the Pure Land shows that“the evidence of Su Shi’s rebirth in the Western Paradise”was derived and developed by later generations on the basis of the letters between Su Shi and Can Liao(参寥).Su Shi’s relationship with Pure Land was influenced by three factors:family tradition,regional environment(Bashu,which is a region associated with modern-day Chongqing and Sichuan,and Jiangsu and Zhejiang area etc.)and monks who made friends with him(Hui Bian慧辩,Yuan Jing元净,Yuan Zhao元照,etc.).Su Shi’s view of Amitabha’s Pure Land includes the visible and invisible Pure Land.On the one hand,he performed Buddhist rites to save the souls of the deceased family members and friends to be reborn in the Pure Land by the visible meritorious deeds,such as painting the statue of Amitabha,holding land and water Buddhist service,praying to Buddha and chanting sutras.On the other hand,he showed the invisible Pure Land through poetry and prose,emphasizing the interpenetrating nature of the Pure Land,that is,the earth is the Pure Land,which accords with the supreme mystic truth and the spirit of pleasure.