马鞍山市环雨山湖中心绿道植物群落结构与多样性分析

Analysis of the plant community structure and diversity in the central greenway around Y ushan Lake in Ma’anshan City

城市绿道是城市生态系统与游憩系统的重要组成部分,研究植物群落结构与多样性对绿道的规划建设具有重要意义.笔者以马鞍山市环雨山湖中心绿道为例,选取其中雨山湖公园、南湖公园、儿童公园、其他绿地4片样地中25个代表性植物群落,对其物种组成、群落结构、外貌特征及群落多样性进行调查研究.结果表明:(1)植物种类共计52科83属94种,乔木∶灌木∶草本种类比为1∶0.69∶0.40,应用频率较高的植物有樟、棕榈、二球悬铃木、木樨、鸡爪槭、卫矛、红花檵木等;(2)绿道植物群落外貌特征以常绿阔叶和落叶阔叶树种为主,针叶树种类较少;(3)绿道内乔灌木的径阶和高阶分布范围较广,群落层次丰富,整体来看仍处于生长阶段;(4)4片样地中,雨山湖公园段植物群落的Shannon-Wiener指数和Margalef丰富度指数最高,其他绿地段的相对较低.因此,采用多色彩、多形态的树种,营造出多种类、多层次的植物群落,具有较高的物种多样性.建议环雨山湖中心绿道增加乡土树种,提高草本层植物的多样性,形成稳定的低维护群落,减少人工成本,营造景观优美、适宜市民游憩的城市绿道空间.

Urban greenway is a significant component of urban ecosystem and recreation system.It is of great significance to study plant community structure and diversity for greenway planing and construction.In this paper,with the central greenway around Yushan Lake in Ma'anshan City as an example,25 representative plant communities were selected from four sample plots,namely,Yushan Lake Park,Nanhu Park,Children's Park and other green space.Their species composition,community structure,physical characteristics and community diversity were studied.The following results were obtained:(1)As for the plant species,there were a total of 52 farmilies,83 genera and 94 species;the ratio of trees,shrubs and herbaceous species was 1:0.69:0.40;Cimnamomum cam phora,Trachycarpusfortunei,Platanus acerifolia,Osmanthus fragrans,Acer palmatum,Euonymus alatus and Loropetalumchinense var.rubrum were more commonly applied.(2)The appearance of the greenway plant community was dominated by evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous broad-leaved species,while conifer species are relatively rare.(3)The trees and shrubs in the greenway had wider diameter class and high-order distribution range,and rich community hierarchy.Overall,it is still in a growth stage.(4)Among the four sample plots,the greenway plant communities in Yushan Lake Park section had the highest Shannon-Wiener index and Margalef richness index,while those in other greenway sections were relatively lower.Therefore,multi-color and multi-form tree species are adopted to create multi-species and multi-level plant communities with high species diversity.It is suggested to increase native tree species in the central greenway around Yushan Lake,improve the diversity of herbaceous plants,form stable and low-maintenance communities,reduce labor costs,and create an urban greenway space with beautiful landscape and suitable for citizen recreation.