乡村特色产业对农民收入的影响

Impact of Rural Characteristic Industries on Farmers Income

基于2007—2020年全国24个省1451个县的面板数据,采用多期倍差法,考察了全国“一村一品”示范村镇政策下,乡村特色产业发展对农民收入的影响。研究发现:示范政策对农民收入具有一定的积极作用,且这种作用因当地财政收入水平、人力资本水平和特色产品种类等存在差异。此外,示范政策对欠发达地区或低收入群体的影响更大,在一定程度上有助于促进区域协调发展,实现农民共同富裕。进一步地,从县域层面作用机制来看,示范政策推动了县域经济发展,通过涓滴效应促进农民增收;从企业层面作用机制来看,示范政策促使涉农企业集聚、工商资本下乡以及涉农企业营收增加,进而促进农民增收;从农民层面作用机制来看,示范政策提高了农民非农就业水平、农业技术采用水平和农业劳动生产率,从而实现农民收入增长。

Based on the panel data of 1451 counties in 24 provinces in China from 2007 to 2020,this study uses the multi period multiple difference method to investigate the impact of the development of rural characteristic industries on farmers' income under the national"one village,one product"demonstration village and town policy.Research found that demonstration policies have a certain positive effect on farmers' income,and this effect varies depending on local fiscal revenue levels,human capital levels,and types of characteristic products.In addition,the demonstration policy has a greater impact on underdeveloped areas or low-income groups,which,to a certain extent,helps to promote regional coordinated development and achieve common prosperity for farmers.Furthermore,from the perspective of the mechanism of action at the county level,demonstration policies have promoted the development of the county economy and promoted the increase of farmers' income through a trickle-down effect;From the perspective of the mechanism of action at the enterprise level,demonstration policies promote the agglomeration of agricultural enterprises,the migration of industrial and commercial capital to the countryside,and the increase in revenue of agricultural enterprises,thereby promoting the increase in farmers' income;From the perspective of the mechanism of action at the farmer level,the demonstration policy has improved the level of non-agricultural employment,agricultural technology adoption,and agricultural labor productivity of farmers,thereby achieving income growth for farmers.