广州市帽峰山森林公园鸟类多样性研究

Bird Diversity of Maofeng Mountain Forest Park in Guangzhou

为了解帽峰山森林公园鸟类多样性及其群落结构特征,于2020年11月到2022年3月,采用样线法结合红外相机法,逐月对帽峰山森林公园鸟类进行调查。结果表明:1)共记录鸟类16目46科143种;18种鸟类属国家二级重点保护动物,8种属CITES附录Ⅱ保护动物;优势种为红耳鹎(Pycnonotus jocosus)、白喉红臀鹎(Pycnonotus aurigaster)、淡眉雀鹛(Alcippe morrisonia)和暗绿绣眼鸟(Zosterops simplex)4种;鸟类居留型中留鸟占绝大部分(90种),区系中以东洋界占优势(80种);生态类型以林鸟(132种)为主,食性上以食虫(67种)和杂食性(46种)鸟类为主,具有明显的森林鸟类群落特征。2)生境中Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数和Margalef丰富度指数均表现为林地最高,公路最低,各生境的Pielou均匀度指数相近;季节中Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数表现为春季最高,夏季最低;四季Pielou均匀度指数与Simpson优势度指数均相近;3)鸟类多样性与生境类型、季节有明显相关性(P<0.05)。总体上,帽峰山森林公园生境多样,鸟类资源丰富,鸟类群落结构较稳定且具有较高的鸟类多样性。

Birds are excellent indicators of ecosystems and environmental conditions because they are responsive to habitat change and have important ecological functions.When birds are dependent on habitat functioning in specific ways,the population trends of birds can provide insights into ecosystem function.We conducted monthly bird surveys and monitored birds in Maofeng Mountain Forest Park from November 2020 to March 2022 by combining line transect and camera-trapping methods.These results help estimate bird community structure,bird diversity,and habitat influence.The study area was divided into three types of habitat according to vegetation type and human interference.In addition,6 line-transects and 30 infrared cameras were used in this study.A total of 2,253 independent images were collected with up to 3,561 camera days during the study period.A total of 143 bird species belonging to 16 orders and 46 families were recorded in this study.Among these species,18 are second-class national protected species,eight are listed in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species,and 10 are key protected wild animals in Guangdong Province.Pycnonotus jocosus,Pycnonotus aurigaster,Alcippe morrisonia,and Zosterops simplex were the dominant species in forest parks.Accipiter trivirgatus,Pitta nympha,Garrulax canorus,and Lophura nycthemera,which are rare and threatened species,were found in the forest park.Based on the residential habitats of these species,the dominant 80 species(proportion:55.94%)were in the Oriental biogeographical realm.The widespread species and the Palaearctic species had 32(proportion:22.38%)and 31 species(proportion:21.68%),respectively.Ninety species of resident birds were dominant among all types of birds in the forest park.The main ecological type,with 132 species,was forest birds.In terms of eating types,most birds were insectivorous and omnivorous,with 67 species(proportion:46.85%)and 46 species(proportion:32.17%),respectively,suggesting that Maofeng Mountain Forest Park is an important site for forest bird communities.In terms of habitats,we also found that the Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index,and Margalef index of birds were highest in forest habitats and lowest in road habitats.The Pielou evenness index of birds showed no significant differences among the habitats.In terms of seasons,the Shannon-Wiener and Margalef indices of birds were highest in spring and lowest in summer.Nevertheless,the Pielou evenness and Simpson indices of birds were not significantly different among the four seasons.The Pielou evenness index was similar to the Simpson index.Moreover,a general linear mixed model was used for the analysis,which showed that the richness and abundance index of birds were significantly correlated with changes in habitats and seasons.In summary,there were different kinds of habitats,abundant forest bird resources,stable bird community structures,and high bird diversity in Maofeng Mountain Forest Park.Birds with a more stable structure and higher diversity in the forest habitat imply that decreased human interference promotes bird inhabitation.This study provides basic data for biodiversity monitoring and assessment in Maofeng Mountain Forest Park and its surrounding forests.