上海综合公园游人行为与植物景观空间要素的关系

Relationship Between Tourist Behaviors and Plant Landscape's Spatial Elements in Shanghai's Comprehensive Parks

明确不同年龄游人行为与植物景观空间要素之间的关系,有利于建设全龄友好的植物景观空间,提高城市公园的社会效益。以上海市中心城区6座综合公园中44个植物景观空间为研究对象,采用行为注记法观察记录儿童、青年人、中年人和老年人4个年龄段使用者的游人行为,分析各类使用者的行为时空特征及与植物景观空间要素之间的关系。结果表明:1)老年人的行为密度最高、青年人最低,老年人的游人行为时间集中在8∶00—9∶00,儿童、青年人和中年人集中在16∶00—17∶00。2)儿童的游人行为主要为植物与建(构)筑物组合的亲子活动,青年人、中年人、老年人的游人行为以静坐闲聊类为主,其中青年人和中年人以植物与水体组合空间为主,老年人以植物与道路组合空间为主。3)儿童的亲子活动与休息设施可容纳人数呈显著正相关,与林木径级呈显著负相关;青年人的安静休闲类活动与硬质铺装面积呈显著正相关;中年人的安静休闲类行为与硬质铺装面积比呈显著正相关,与林木径级呈显著负相关;老年人的安静休闲类行为与硬质铺装面积比、空间内道路密度呈显著正相关,与空间围合度、林木径级、常绿落叶比呈显著负相关。以上结果说明,配置单一且分枝点较低的乔灌木、打开部分分枝点较高的林下空间、增加休息设施和硬质空间比例,可以提高儿童和中、青年人群的游人密度,以及营建满足各年龄段游人行为的植物景观空间。

Determining the relationship between the behaviors of visitors of different ages and the spatial elements of plant landscape is beneficial to constructing all-aged friendly plant landscape space and improving social benefits of urban parks.The behavior annotation method is used to observe the behaviors of children,young people,middle-aged and elderly people who are touring in 44 plant landscapes of 6 comprehensive parks in the downtown of Shanghai,and analyzes the relationship between temporal-spatial characteristics of tourist behaviors and the spatial elements of plant landscapes.The results show:1)The tourist behavior density of old people is the highest while the young people have the lowest density.The time when the aged people visit in the landscapes falls between 8:00 and 9:00,while children,young people and middle-aged people preferred to the time period between 16:00 and 17:00;2)The tourism behaviors of children mainly include parent-child activities in the combined space of plants and buildings.The behaviors of the young,middle-aged and elderly tourists are mainly sitting and chatting.The young and middle-aged people love the combined space of plants and water bodies,while the elderly prefer to the combined spaces of plants and paths;and 3)Children's parent-child behaviors are significantly positively correlated with the accommodation capacity of rest facilities,while significantly negatively correlated with tree diameter class.The quiet leisure behaviors of young people are significantly positively correlated with the hard pavement area.The quiet leisure behaviors of middle-aged people are positively correlated with the ratio of hard pavement area and negatively correlated with tree diameter class.The quiet leisure behaviors of the elderly are significantly positively correlated with the area ratio of hard pavement and the path density in space while significantly negatively correlated with space enclosure,tree diameter class and the ratio of evergreen to deciduous trees.The above results indicate that the tourist behavior density of children,the young and the middle-aged people will be improved by allocating the trees and shrubs with a small number of species and low branch points,opening understory spaces with high branch points and increasing the proportion of rest facilities and hard pavement space,which will build different plant landscape spaces to conform to the behaviors of the tourist of all ages.