大熊猫国家公园游客参与自然教育的价值共创机理

Value Co-creation Mechanism of Tourists Participation in Nature Education in Giant Panda National Park

为了解公众需求、推动构建可持续的自然教育体系,以大熊猫国家公园作为研究对象,以网络文本为信息源,运用ROST CM6和NVIVO软件,探究游客参与自然教育价值共创机制。结果表明:大熊猫国家公园的自然及人文资源供给“拉力”,游客自身的好奇心、情感需求、身体需求、儿童教育等动机“推力”,以及国家公园原真性、独特性、互动性、挑战性、趣味性、文化性的自然教育情境营造,共同推动了游客的自然教育价值共创实践;游客通过参与生态观察、野外探险、研学教育、解说服务等共创活动提升了自然认知水平和情感价值,塑造了自然价值观,也达到了儿童自然教育的目标。基于此,建议国家公园生态保护与自然教育应相互促进;国家公园自然教育设施配备和活动设计应注重互动性、趣味性、挑战性和文化性;国家公园应注重向周边地区推广,扩大全国范围的影响力,以进一步促进游客参与自然教育共创,充分发挥国家公园的自然育人功能。

In order to understand public needs and promote the construction of a sustainable natural education system,the paper takes the Giant Panda National Park as the research object,to explore the value co-creation mechanism for supporting tourists participating in natural education by using online text as the information source and ROST CM6 and NVIVO software as the tools.The results indicate that the"pulling force"created by the natural and cultural resources in the Giant Panda National Park,the"pushing force"of motivation based on tourists'curiosity,emotional needs,physical needs and children's education,and the nature education context creation characterized with authenticity,uniqueness,interactivity,challenge,fun and culture of the national park,jointly promote the natural education value co-creation for tourists in practice.By participating in co-creative activities such as ecological observation,wilderness exploration,research-oriented education and interpretation services,tourists have their natural cognition and emotional value improved,which not only shapes their natural values but also achieves the goal of children's natural education.Based on this,it is suggested that more efforts should be put on the interactive promotion of both ecological protection and nature education in national parks,the facilities construction and activities design highlighting interactivity,fun,challenge,and cultural significance,the improvement of national parks'visibility nationwide through promotion and outreach activities,so as to attract tourists to participate in and co-create natural education for giving full play to the natural education function of national parks.