论原创性、引领性国家重大科技项目的决策逻辑与方法

Decision-Making Logic and Method on Original and Leading National Key S&T Project

原创性、引领性国家重大科技项目位居中国重大科技项目体系的“金字塔尖”,是科技决策领域的关键核心问题之一,但对此类项目的科技决策研究尚存空白。本文指出,此类项目的科技决策逻辑应能界定“超强科学性”,还需应对组织管理超复杂、工程实现超高难度、经费审计这三类决策难题。本研究选取近30年来全球科技界已建成的原创性、引领性级别的重大科技项目中的佼佼者,即由美国主导、欧洲、加拿大主要参与的“詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜”项目为案例,凝练总结出此类项目的决策逻辑及方法,为“十四五”及2021—2035年中长期时段集聚力量进行原创性、引领性国家重大科技项目之科技决策补充新的理论视角与方法探究,并期许引起科技政策研究界对这一重要课题的深入挖掘。

Original and leading national major S&T projects rank at the“pyramid tip”of china s major S&T project system,which is one of the key core issues in the field of S&T decision-making,but there is still a gap in the research of S&T decision-making for such projects.This paper points out that the logic of S&T decision-making for such projects should be able to define“super science”,and also need to cope with three types of decision-making problems,namely,ultra-complex organisational management,ultra-high difficulty in engineering realisation,and financial auditing.This study selects the best of the original and leading major S&T projects built by the global S&T community in the past 30 years,i.e.,the James Webb Space Telescope(JWST)project led by the United States,with the participation of Europe and Canada,as a case study,and condenses and summarises the decision-making logic and methods of such projects,so as to provide the best solution for the“14th Five-Year Plan”and to provide the best solution for the“14th Five-Year Plan”.It adds new theoretical perspectives and methodological investigations to the decision-making process of major national S&T projects of an original and leading nature in the 14th Five-Year Plan and the mid and long term period from 2021 to 2035,and is expected to cause the S&T policy research community to dig deeper into this important topic.