汉中地区核桃园主要虫害调查分析

Investigation and Analysis of the Main Pest in Walnut Garden in Hanzhong Area

汉中地区宁强县、勉县为陕西省核桃种植的主产区之一。目前有关汉中地区核桃园虫害种类尚不完全清楚,生产上主要虫害也不清楚。为此在普查基础上进行定点调查初步记述了2021-2023年汉中地区核桃园主要害虫种群结构。调查结果表明,汉中地区核桃园虫害已知有6目70种,以食叶类害虫居多;核桃虫害以银杏大蚕蛾、核桃举肢蛾、核桃小吉丁虫、云斑天牛、暗黑鳃金龟、棕色鳃金龟、斑衣蜡蝉危害最为严重;核桃园鳞翅目害虫的上灯高峰主要分布在22:00-24:00,鞘翅目害虫主要分布在20:00-22:00,其余时间都较均匀;银杏大蚕蛾在汉中地区每年1代,越冬方式是以卵在树缝或草丛表土内进行,卵在4月上旬开始进行孵化,幼虫的危害取食高峰时间段为5月上旬至中旬,5月下旬幼虫开始结茧化蛹,成虫羽化并产卵时间段是8月下旬至10月。

Ningqiang County and Mian County in Hanzhong Region are one of the main producing areas of walnut cultivation in Shaanxi Province.At present,the species of walnut pests in Hanzhong Area were not yet fully understood,and the main pest control was not clear.Based on the survey,the population structure of the main pests in the walnut garden in Hanzhong Area were described in this paper.The result showed that there were 70 species insects in 6 orders in walnut garden,and most of them were leaf-eating pests.The main walnut pests were Dictyoploca japonica Butler,Atrijuglans hetaohei Yang,Agrilus lewisiellus Kere,Batocera horsfieldi(Hope),Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky,Holotrichia titanis Reitter and Lycorma delicatula White,and they made the most harmful damage.The peak of Lepidoptera was mainly distributed from 22:00 to 24:00,while the peak of Coleoptera pests was mainly distributed from 20:00 to 22:00.D.japonica Bulter occurred one generation each year,and orerwintering eggs could survive on trunks and branches in the Hanzhong Area.The nymphae of first generation was found at the beginning of April and the highest damaging occurred in the early to mid-May.The cocooning and pupation stage of the larvae was from late May to late August,and the adults emerge and lay eggs from late August to October.