论鲍照与道教——以鲍照涉道诗歌为中心

Bao Zhao and Taoism:On Bao Zhao’s Taoism-related Poetry

鲍照现存作品中有一类迥异于其主体风格的“异格”之作,即表现隐逸、游仙情怀,流露出道教思想倾向的涉道诗文,这类作品在既往研究中没有受到特别的关注。从这些诗歌的词句及内容看,鲍照对道教典故及相关语汇十分熟悉,并在诗歌中着意塑造崇道、好仙、“慕隐”的形象。鲍照涉道诗文实与刘宋文学“在上者之提倡”的特质以及鲍照“侍从文人”的身份密不可分,刘宋上层阶级的文学、宗教活动影响了鲍照的创作,鲍照或也有意于诗中进行“政治性”表演。滨海地域的天师道传播也影响到鲍照涉道诗文的创作。

Among extant works of Bao Zhao,there is a kind of work which stands distinctly apart from his other works in style,namely,the poems showing his tendency of seclusion,his seeking for immortals,and his Taoist ideals.These Taoism-related poems have not received special attention in previous studies.From the words and contents of these poems,it can be seen that Bao Zhao is very familiar with Taoist allusions and Taoist terms,and has tried to form the image of worshiping Taoism,pursuing immorality and admiring hermits in these poems.Bao Zhao’s Taoism-related works are closely related to the characteristics of Liu Song Dynasty’s literature,the preference of the superiors,and his own status as a“literary attendant”.The literary and religious activities of the upper class of Liu Song Dynasty have influenced Bao Zhao’s creation,while Bao Zhao may have intentionally“performed”in his poems for political reasons.In addition,the spread of Tianshi Tao in coastal area has also influenced Bao Zhao’s creation of Taoism-related poems.