甜樱桃种子萌芽影响因素研究

Study on the Influencing Factors of Sweet Cherry Seed Germination

从低温层积材料、种子去壳与否、植物生长调节剂种类及浓度、种子储藏时间等因素入手,研究各因素对甜樱桃种子萌芽率的影响。结果表明,珍珠岩、育苗基质等材料可以替代常规粗沙等材料进行层积处理,并可显著提高种子萌芽率;经过1 000 mg/L赤霉素(GA)处理带壳甜樱桃“燕子”种子后,160 d后其萌芽率可达46.5%;去壳的甜樱桃“美早”种子经过900 mg/L GA处理后,其萌芽率可达96.5%;GA相对于6-苄基腺嘌呤(6-BA)、激动素(KT)等植物生长调节剂促进种子萌芽效果最好,经过1 000 mg/L GA处理甜樱桃“布鲁克斯”种子萌芽率可达86.0%;甜樱桃种子采收后立即处理其萌芽率最高,种子萌芽率会随储藏时间的延长而降低。该研究初步探索出可以显著提高种子萌芽率、缩短种子萌芽时间的方法,极大地提高种子萌芽效率,大大缩短了甜樱桃实生育种时间,对于降低甜樱桃品种选育周期、难度具有一定积极意义。

This study investigated the effects of various factors on the germination rate of sweet cherry seeds,including low-temperature stratification materials,whether seeds are shelled or not,the type and concentration of plant growth regulators,and seed storage time.The results showed that materials such as perlite and nursery substrate could replace conventional coarse sand for stratification treatment,and significantly improve the germination rate of seeds;after treating the seeds of sweet cherry‘Swallow’with 1000 mg/L gibberellin(GA),the germination rate could reach 46.5%after 160 days;the germination rate of peeled sweet cherry‘Meizao’seeds treated with 900 mg/L GA could reach 96.5%;GA had the best effect on promoting seed germination compared to plant growth regulators such as 6-benzyladenine(6-BA)and kinetin(KT).After 1000 mg/L GA treatment,the germination rate of sweet cherry‘Brooks’seeds could reach 86.0%;the germination rate of sweet cherry seeds treated immediately after harvest was the highest,and the germination rate would decrease with the extension of storage time.This study preliminarily explored methods that could significantly improve the seed germination rate and shorten the seed germination time,greatly improving the seed germination efficiency and greatly shortening the seedling breeding time of sweet cherry,which had certain positive significance for reducing the breeding cycle and difficulty of sweet cherry varieties.