大果榉种子特征及播种繁育研究

Research on Seed Characteristics and Sowing Seedlings of Zelkova sinica

[目的]探索大果榉(Zelkova sinica)种实特性及播种繁育技术。[方法]对大果榉种实形态特征、结实特性、种子处理方式、播种时期及幼苗生长节律进行研究。[结果]大果榉结实大小年明显,丰年和歉年未水选种子千粒重和有仁率均差异显著,丰年未水选种子千粒重和有仁率可达54.20 g、38.66%,歉年未水选种子千粒重和有仁率仅为15.96 g、5.20%。规模化生产中冬播育苗具有明显优势,出苗率和成苗率较高,可达59.72%和36.53%,相比而言秋播成苗率极低,春播需要低温层积沙藏处理45 d左右。一年生实生苗生长节律表现为“慢-快-慢”,5-9月为生长盛期。[结论]依据种实特性和幼苗生长规律,采取适宜的播种方法和阶段性育苗措施,对提高苗木产量和质量具有重要意义。

[Objective]In order to understand the seed characteristics and the sowing seedlings technology of Zelkova sinica.[Method]The seed morphological characteristics,setting characteristics,treatment methods,sowing period and seedling growth rhythm were studied.[Result]The results showed that Zelkova sinica fruiting has obvious phenomenon of big and small year,between those years,there were significant differences in thousand grain weight and kernel percentage of unhydrated seeds.In the big year,unhydrated seeds’thousand grain weight and kernel percentage could reach 54.20 g and 38.66%,while in the poor year,the data of these two indicators were only 15.96 g and 5.20%.In large-scale production,winter sowing has obvious advantages,and the seedling emergence rate and seedling formation rate were higher,which could reach 59.72%and 36.53%.In contrast,the seedling formation rate of autumn sowing was very low,and the spring sowing needs about 45 d of low temperature stratified sand storage treatment.The annual growth rythm of the seedlings was“slow-fast-slow”.The active growth period was from May to September.[Conclusion]According to seed setting characteristics and the growth characteristics,it would have great significance to improve the seedling quality and production efficiency by adopting appropriate sowing method and periodical seedling measures.