不同初加工方法对滇龙胆药材品质的影响

Effect of Different Primary Processing Methods on the Quality of Gentiana rigescens

采集临沧云县产新鲜滇龙胆,采用9种不同初加工方法,以滇龙胆的根及根茎为研究对象,测定干燥后滇龙胆样品中龙胆苦苷、马钱苷酸、獐牙菜苦苷和当药苷含量,以及总灰分、酸不溶性灰分和浸出物等指标,依据《中华人民共和国药典》标准,对药材品质进行综合评价。结果表明,不同加工方法滇龙胆有效成分含量有一定差异,其中水洗烘干(SXHG)处理样品龙胆苦苷和马钱苷酸的含量显著高于其他处理,同时,所需干燥时间最短,仅为12 h,远低于其他处理;水洗烘干(SXHG)处理样品的总灰分、酸不溶性灰分和浸出物均达到《中华人民共和国药典》标准;主成分分析可知,水洗烘干(SXHG)滇龙胆样品综合质量最好,免洗阴干(MXYG)综合质量次之,但该方法加工的样品总灰分和浸出物未达到《中华人民共和国药典》标准,水洗阴干(SXYG)在传统生产中农户广泛使用,可根据天气、场地等实际情况在产地加工中作为辅助干燥方法。综合考虑,滇龙胆药材产地加工方法以水洗烘干为宜;若药材加工量较大,可根据天气、场地等实际情况采用水洗阴干方法进行加工。

Fresh Gentiana rigescens was collected from Yunxian Lincang.Taking the roots and stems of Gentiana rigescens as the research objects,the contents of gentiopicroside,loganic acid,swertimarin and sweroside,as well as total ash,acid-insoluble ash and extract in dried Gentiana rigescens samples were determined by using 9 different primary processing methods.According to the standard of Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China,the quality of medicinal materials was comprehensively evaluated.The result showed that the contents of active ingredient in Gentiana rigescens with different processing methods were different,among which the content of gentiopicroside and loganic acid in the sample treated with water washing and drying(SXHG)was significantly higher than any other treatments.At the same time,the drying time required was the shortest,only 12 hours,far lower than any other treatments.The total ash,acid insoluble ash and extracts of the sample treated by water washing and drying(SXHG)met the standards of the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China.According to the principal component analysis,the comprehensive quality of water washing and drying(SXHG)of Gentiana rigescens sample was the best,followed by washing free dried in the shade(MXYG).However,the total ash and extracts of the samples processed by this method did not meet the standards of the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China.Water washed and dried in the shade(SXYG)was widely used by farmers in traditional production,and could be used as an auxiliary drying method in the production area processing according to the weather,site and other actual conditions.Overall consideration,the processing method of Gentiana rigescens in the producing area should be water washing and drying(SXHG).If the processing amount of medicinal materials was large,the method of water washed and dried in the shade(SXYG)could be used according to the weather,site and other actual conditions.