俄乌冲突中高温武器的致伤特点与救治原则

The injury characteristics and treatment principles of hyperthermia weapons in the conflict between Russia and Ukraine

高温武器包括温压弹、凝固汽油弹、铝热弹和白磷弹,它们具有杀伤威力大、杀伤面积广、杀伤残忍和行为恐怖的特性。据媒体报道,这些高温武器都在俄乌冲突中被投入战场。本文从它们的杀伤因素和杀伤机制出发,总结了高温武器具有冲击伤重、烧伤重、吸入性损伤重、低氧窒息重、密闭空间内损伤重、复合伤多、颅脑冲击伤多的杀伤特点,其中烧伤是高温武器最突出的致伤特性。为此笔者从战/现场急救、伤员后送和早期治疗三个方面,重点介绍了高温武器所致烧伤的救治原则,为军地有关学者进行战伤基础研究和临床救治提供参考。

Hyperthermia weapons include thermobaric bomb,napalm bomb,aluminothermic bomb and white phosphorus bomb.They have strong killing power,wide killing area,and cruel and horrible killing features.Based on reports,these hyperthermia weapons have been used in the conflict between Russia and Ukraine.Starting from their killing factors and mechanisms,this review summarizes the wound characteristics,including severe blast injuries/burns/inhalation injuries/asphyxia,more severe injury levels in a confined space,and dominant combined injuries and blast traumatic brain injuries.Among them,burns are the most prominent characteristic.As a result,the authors mainly introduce the treatment principles of burns from three aspects,i.e.battlefield first aid,evacuation of the wounded and early treatment.The purpose is to provide reference for military and civilian scholars to conduct basic research and clinical treatment in the future.