2020年苏州市道路交通伤特征与预防策略

Characteristics and prevention strategies of road traffic injuries in Suzhou in 2020

目的调查2020年苏州市道路交通伤的流行病学特征,以探索道路交通伤的预防策略。方法回顾性分析2020年1月—12月苏州市急救中心接到并进行处置的22250例道路交通伤患者资料,其中男性12002例,女性10248例;年龄0~98岁,平均45.8岁。分别统计患者年龄组、出行方式、一日内各时间节点受伤人数、受伤部位、受伤严重程度、饮酒、死亡等信息。统计分析性别、年龄组与出行方式的关系;出行方式、年龄组、受伤部位与伤情严重程度的关系;饮酒与性别、受伤部位、受伤严重程度、出行方式的关系;死亡与受伤部位、出行方式关系。结果研究表明苏州市道路交通伤早高峰时段集中于上午6点到10点,晚高峰时段集中于下午16点到20点。道路交通伤中出行交通工具为电动车的比例最高共有13036例(58.59%,P<0.001)。步行人群发生严重伤比例1.71%明显高于自行车1.02%、三轮车1.54%、电动车0.94%、摩托车0.00%、机动车1.53%(P<0.001)。老年患者严重伤比例1.49%高于未成年0.86%及青壮年人群1.11%(P<0.001)。头颈部受严重伤比例2.72%明显高于胸腹部0.19%、脊柱骨盆0.12%及四肢0.05%(P<0.001)。饮酒发生严重伤比例2.42%明显高于未饮酒人群1.16%(P<0.001)。结论道路交通伤情复杂,电动车是现阶段道路交通伤主要组成部分,而步行人群、老年人、饮酒人群更容易发生严重伤害,且头颈部为更易受伤部位。应进一步加强创伤中心体系建设及创伤科普宣传,以提高道路交通事故的救治能力。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of road traffic injuries(RTIs)in Suzhou in 2020 and to explore the prevention strategies.Methods A retrospective analysis of 22,250 patients with RTIs admitted to Suzhou Emergency Center from Jan.to Dec.2020,including 12,002 male and 10,248 female aged 0 days to 98 years,mean 45.8 years.Data were analyzed based on age,transportation,injury time point in a day,injury site,injury severity,alcohol consumption,death,and others.Moreover the relation between(1)transportation and gender/age,(2)injury severity and transportation/age/injury site,(3)drink driving and gender/injury site/injury severity/transportation,and(4)death and injury site/transportation were further analyzed.Chi-square test was used to compare the constituent ratios between groups,and the rank sum test was used for graded data.Results The results showed that RTIs in Suzhou City had two peaks,with the morning peak at 6:00-10:00 and evening peak at 16:00-20:00.Electric vehicles were the dominant transportation causing 58.59%RTIs(13,036 cases,P<0.001 compared with other transportation).The proportion of serious injuries among pedestrians(1.71%)was significantly higher than that of bicycles(1.02%),tricycles(1.54%),electric vehicles(0.94%),motorcycles(0.00%),and motor vehicles(1.53%)(P<0.001).The proportion of serious injuries in elderly patients(1.49%)was higher than that of minors(0.86%)and young adults(1.11%)(P<0.001).For the severe injury cases,the elderly revealed the largest proportion(1.49%),compared with the minors(0.86%)and the young and middle-aged(1.11%,both P<0.001).Severe injuries mostly affected the head and neck(2.72%),much higher than that affecting the thorax and abdomen(0.19%),spine and pelvis(0.12%)and limbs(0.05%,all P<0.001).Moreover 2.42%of severe cases were drink driving,in contrast to the 1.16%of non-drink driving cases(P<0.001).Conclusion RTIs are complex,and electric vehicles are the main responsible vehicle at this stage.While pedestrians,the elderly,drink-drivers,and RTIs affecting the head and neck are prone to be more severe.We should further enhance the construction of trauma center system and popularization of trauma knowledge,so as to improve the treatment capacity of road traffic injury.