射干麻黄汤及其组分治疗哮喘的研究进展

Research Progress of Shegan Mahuang Decoction(射干麻黄汤)and Its Components Treating Asthma

哮喘是以气道重塑和气道慢性炎症为主要特征的一种异质性疾病,其发病机制尚不清楚。中药复方具有多途径多靶点干预的特点,对于哮喘的防治能发挥显著作用,因此,发挥中医药特色,探寻治疗哮喘的有效方药具有积极意义。射干麻黄汤是张仲景在《金匮要略》中所载治疗哮喘的名方,该方具有温肺化饮,下气平喘之功。临床研究发现,射干麻黄汤单独或联合西药及其他疗法治疗哮喘,可明显提高疗效;实验研究发现,射干麻黄汤治疗哮喘的作用机制可能与抑制促炎因子的分泌、调节免疫失衡、抑制转化生长因子的表达、促进维生素D的合成等相关;射干麻黄汤中单味药治疗哮喘的主要成分有麻黄碱、野鸢尾黄素、木犀草素、细辛酮、β-谷甾醇、半夏多糖、紫菀酮、款冬花总倍半萜等。从基础理论、临床研究、实验研究三个方面对射干麻黄汤及其组分治疗哮喘进行探讨,旨在深入研究射干麻黄汤及其组分治疗哮喘的新进展,以期为射干麻黄汤治疗哮喘提供有力的文献支撑,为该方的临床开发应用推广提供一定的参考价值。

Objective Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by airway remodeling and chronic inflammation,and its pathogenesis remains unclear.Traditional Chinese medicine compound has the characteristics of multi-channel and multi-target intervention,which can play a significant role in the prevention and treatment of asthma.Therefore,it is of positive significance to explore the effective prescription of asthma with the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine.Shegan Mahuang Decoction(射干麻黄汤)is a famous prescription for treating asthma written by ZHANG Zhongjing in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber.It has the function of warming lung and relieving asthma.Clinical studies have found that the treatment of asthma by Shegan Mahuang Decoction alone or combined with western medicine and other therapies can significantly improve the curative effect.It was found that the mechanism of the treatment of asthma may be related to inhibiting the secretion of proinflammatory factors,regulating immune imbalance,inhibiting the expressions of transforming growth factors and promoting the synthesis of Vitamin D.The main components of single medicine in Shegan Mahuang Decoction treating asthma are ephedrine,irisin,luteolin,asaroctanone,β-sitosterol,Pinellia polysaccharide,aster ketone,total sesquiterpene and so on.This article mainly discussed the treatment of asthma with Shegan Mahuang Decoction and its components from three aspects:basic theory,clinical study and experimental study,aiming to further study the new progress of the treatment of asthma with Shegan Mahuang Decoction and its components,provide the strong literature support for Shegan Mahuang Decoction treating asthma and the certain reference value for the clinical development,application and promotion of this prescription.