儿童肺炎支原体肺炎伴气道阻塞的免疫机制研究进展

Research progress on immune mechanism of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with airway obstruction in children

肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)是由肺炎支原体(MP)感染引起的非典型肺炎,MP感染可通过直接损害或免疫损伤气道纤毛柱状上皮,致纤毛-黏液清除功能障碍,出现炎症渗出引起管腔变窄,同时引起气道黏液高分泌进而黏液聚集形成黏液栓,出现气道阻塞,易导致通气和换气功能障碍。伴发气道阻塞的患儿往往预后不良,诊治不当易致支气管塑形、肺不张等并发症,对儿童的健康生活产生严重影响。目前MPP伴发气道阻塞的发病机制尚未明确,可能与MP感染后引发的细胞免疫、体液免疫和固有免疫等免疫应答反应以及继发性纤毛运动障碍有关。文章就MPP伴发气道阻塞的免疫学机制最新研究进展做一综述,旨在为临床研究MPP伴发气道阻塞的发病机制和临床治疗提供一定的理论指导。

Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)is an atypical pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)infection.MP infection can directly damage or immune damage the ciliated columnar epithelium of the airway,leading to dysfunction in ciliary mucus clearance,inflammation and exudation,leading to narrowing of the lumen,at the same time,it causes high secretion of airway mucus,which accumulates to form mucus plugs,where airway obstruction occurs,easily leading to ventilation and ventilatory dysfunction.Children with concomitant airway obstruction often have poor prognosis,and improper diagnosis and treatment can lead to complications such as bronchoplasty and atelectasis,which seriously affect children's healthy life.At present,the pathogenesis of airway obstruction associated with MPP has not been clarified,which may be related to the immune response such as cellular immunity,humoral immunity and innate immunity and secondary ciliary movement disorder after MP infection.This article reviews the latest research progress on the immunological mechanism of MPP accompanied by airway obstruction,aiming to provide theoretical guidance for clinical research on the pathogenesis and treatment of MPP accompanied with airway obstruction.