算法化行政:技术何以提升城市公共问题解决效率?

Algorithmic Administration:How can Technology Improve the Efficiency of Urban Problem Solving?

本文系统分析了上海J区“一网统管”模式如何对接市民“12345”民情诉求热线,如何处置网格员通过政务APP以及传感器设备发现的城市治理问题,旨在揭示技术提升城市公共问题解决效率的内在机制。研究发现:这一过程主要通过算法化观测、算法化决策、算法化控制、算法化考核等四个环节得以实现。算法平台拟合出城市公共问题解决的“最优”方案并对行政过程进行标准化控制,促使行政过程按照“最优”方案执行,以此实现城市公共问题的高效解决。在此过程中,算法全面嵌入公共行政系统,挑战了传统公共行政中人—人交互的关系样态,构建了人—机互动的新样态,全方位重塑了传统公共行政中的权力关系、组织关系和运行过程。然而,受限于技术基础设施和制度等因素,技术提升城市公共问题解决效率的作用并未充分发挥。未来行政改革应注重数字化转型的技术和制度配套,推动传统管理模式与数字治理模式的协同。

Although technology has been widely used to improve the efficiency of urban problem solving,its implementation mechanism is still unknown.This paper aims to reveal the internal mechanism of technology to improve the efficiency of urban problem solving through the analysis of the practice of“One Network Unified Management”in Shanghai J district.It is found that technology can effectively improve the efficiency of urban public problem solving through algorithmic administrative processes.Specifically,through algorithmic observation,algorithmic decision-making,algorithmic execution control,algorithmic evaluation,etc.,the algorithm platform fits the“optimal”scheme for urban problem solving and carries out standardized process control,so as to achieve efficient solution of urban problems.In this process,the algorithm is fully embedded in the public administration system,challenging the relationship pattern of human-human interaction in traditional public administration,constructing a new pattern of human-computer interaction,and comprehensively reshaping the power relationship,organizational relationship and operation process in traditional public administration.However,due to factors such as technological infrastructure and institutions,the role of technology in improving the efficiency of urban problem solving has not been fully utilized.In the future,administrative reform should focus on the technical and institutional support of digital transformation,and promote the synergy between traditional models and digital governance models.