破解“卡脖子”技术难题的理论框架、战略路径与研发策略

Theoretical Framework,Strategic Path,and Strategy of Research and Development in the Process to Solve the Problem of Technological Blockage

在我国关键核心技术受制于人的情境下,如何破解“卡脖子”技术难题成为亟待解决的现实问题。本文通过识别“挖壕、卡位、攻坚、颠覆”四种破解策略,及包括技术范式动态性和技术能力基础两个维度的技术情境,构建了技术破解的“情境—策略”匹配理论框架;选取高铁、视频监控和民用无人机三种关键核心技术进行多案例分析,发现了“起点—挖壕—攻坚—颠覆”“起点—卡位—颠覆”“起点—挖壕—颠覆”三种破解“卡脖子”技术困境的动态战略路径,进一步探索出战略路径中的六个关键过程及其研发策略。本文丰富了技术追赶理论、“卡脖子”技术破解战略动态演进相关研究,为破解关键核心技术“卡脖子”难题提供了新的理论依据和实践启示。

When the development of key technologies in China is suppressed by developed countries,how to crack the problem of technological blockage becomes very urgent both in practice and in theory.To this end,this paper identifies four strategies,i.e.,trenching,jamming,attacking,and subverting,and two technical contexts,including the dynamics of technical paradigm and the base of technical capability,to construct a theoretical framework in which situation and strategy matching each other in the process of solving technological blockage.This paper selects three key technologies,that is,the technologies of building high-speed railways,video surveillance,and civil UAV as examples to analyze.This study has developed three dynamic strategies to solve the problem of technological blockage,i.e.,the strategies of starting point-trenching-attacking-disrupting,starting point-jamming-disrupting,and starting point-jamming-disrupting.It further explores the key processes of multiple strategic paths,their intermediate processes,and the strategies of research and development within them.This research provides both practical inspiration and theoretical basis for the solution to the problem of technological blockage.