中国国家女子曲棍球队员不同位置跑动特征研究

Research on the Running Characteristics of Chinese National Women’s Hockey Players in Different Positions

目的:分析中国国家女子曲棍球队队员不同位置的跑动特征,为运动员科学选材与训练提供理论支撑。方法:运用九轴加速度传感器+GPS系统采集曲棍球运动员赛中的运动距离、运动量、运动强度、运动速度以及变速运动等指标。结果:(1)后卫的总跑动距离和训练量显著高于前锋(P<0.001);前卫的训练量、训练强度显著高于前锋(P<0.05 or P<0.01)。(2)在0~4 m/s中低速区间,后卫跑动距离及次数显著高于前锋(P<0.05、P<0.01 or P<0.001);在4~6 m/s中高速区间,运动员在跑动距离、占比及次数方面前卫最高而前锋最低,前卫在4~5m/s区间跑动距离的占比显著高于其他位置(P<0.05 or P<0.01);在6+m/s高速区间,前锋的跑动距离、占比及次数显著高于后卫(P<0.05 or P<0.01)。(3)后卫高速向左、中加速和低加速的次数显著高于前锋(P<0.001 or P<0.01);前卫中速向左、低速向左、中加速、中减速以及低速向右的次数显著高于前锋(P<0.01 or P<0.05)。结论:中国国家女子曲棍球队前锋、前卫和后卫分别具有较强的高速、中速和中低速奔跑能力,分别体现了较多的高速直线加速、中低变速、中高变速运动的特征,前、后卫左向旋转变速运动表现尤为突出。

In order to analyze the running characteristics of Chinese national women s hockey players in different positions,providing theoretical support for scientific selection and training of athletes,the nine-axis accelerometer and GPS system were used to collect the hockey players’movement distance,volume,intensity,speed and other indicators in the competition.The results are as follows.Firstly,the total running distance and training volume of the defenders were significantly higher than those of the forwards(P<0.001);the training volume and intensity of the midfielders were significantly higher than those of the forwards(P<0.05 or P<0.01);Secondly,in the speed range of 0~4 m/s,the running distance and times of the defenders are significantly higher than those of the forwards(P<0.05,P<0.01 or P<0.001);in the speed range of 4~6 m/s,the running distance,proportion and times of midfielders were the highest and those of the forwards were the lowest.The running distance proportion of the midfielders in the range of 4~5 m/s was significantly higher than that of the forwards and the defenders(P<0.05 or P<0.01);in the high speed range of 6+m/s,the running distance,distance proportion and running times of forwards are significantly higher than those of defenders(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Finally,the running times of high-speed leftward,moderate and low-speed acceleration of defenders are significantly higher than those of the forwards(P<0.001 or P<0.01);the running times of medium speed left,low-speed left medium acceleration and medium deceleration,and low-speed right of the midfielders were significantly higher than those of the forwards(P<0.01 or P<0.05).It is concluded that Chinese national women’s forwards,midfielders and defenders have outstanding high-speed,medium-speed and medium and low-speed running ability.They respectively exhibited the characteristics of high-speed linear acceleration,medium and low-speed transmission,and medium and high-speed transmission.Midfielders and defenders have more left-rotating shifting movements.