文化润边:清朝西南边境土司地区儒学教育的国家视野

CULTURAL EDUCATION IN BORDER:THE NATIONAL VISION OF CONFUCIANISM EDUCATION IN THE SOUTHWESTERN BORDER OF THE QING DYNASTY

清朝视西南边境的土司为国之藩篱,令其戍守边陲,但土司争为雄长,不利于边疆稳定。清朝政府基于对文化治理功能的认知,在西南边境土司地区施行文化润边理念,以增强土司的服从意识与国家认同。清朝西南边境土司地区的儒学教育政策经历了从宽到严的发展变化,虽然期间受到土司的抵制,但仍取得较好的成效。清末西南边疆危机四伏,清朝政府为巩固边防,在西南边境土司地区拟重振儒学来润化边陲,因时日太短,随着清朝覆亡而成为具文。

The Qing Dynasty regarded Tusi,rulers of the southwestern border as the fence of the country,and made them defend the border,but the competition among Tusi was not conducive to the stability of the border.Based on the understanding of the function of cultural governance,the Qing government implemented the philosophy of cultural education in Tusi areas of the southwestern border to enhance Tusi's obedience and national identity.The Confucian education policy in the southwestern Tusi area of the Qing Dynasty had gone from loose to strict implementation.It was rejected by Tusi during this period,while it still achieved good results.The southwestern border area was plagued by crises in the late Qing Dynasty,in order to strengthen its control of the border,the Qing government planned to revitalize Confucianism in the southwestern Tusi area to govern the border.Unfortunately,not long after the policy had been implemented,it became a mere scrap of paper with the fall of the Qing Dynasty.