烟台市中学生抑郁情绪流行现状及影响因素分析

Epidemiological situation and influencing factors of depressive emotions among middle school students in Yantai

目的 探讨烟台市中学生抑郁情绪流行现状及影响因素,为制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法 通过分层整群抽样方法,随机抽取烟台市13所初中、3所高中的学生共1 896人为研究对象,使用自编一般资料调查表、Zung氏抑郁自评量表(SDS)和青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)就基本信息、抑郁情绪、生活事件等因素进行回顾性调查,应用Logistic回归模型探讨抑郁情绪影响因素。方法 烟台市中学生抑郁情绪检出率为19.89%,单因素分析显示,性别、生源地、学生类型、监护人类别以及青少年生活事件的差异对抑郁情绪的影响具有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示,女性、农村生源、毕业班学生、监护人为非父母以及人际关系、学习压力、受惩罚、健康适应等因子是抑郁情绪的危险因素(P<0.05或0.01)。结论 抑郁情绪为一种亚临床状态,烟台市中学生抑郁情绪检出率较高,对抑郁情绪高危因素进行干预,对调整学生心理状态,减少极端事件发生具有重要意义。

Objective To explore the epidemiological situation and influencing factors of depressive emotions among middle school students in Yantai city in order to provide scientific basis for making intervention measures.Methods A total of 1896 students randomly selected from 13 junior and 3 senior middle schools in Yantai city according to stratified cluster sampling were retrospectively investigated using self-made general information questionnaire,Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS)and Adolescent Self-rating Life Events Check-list(ASLEC),influencing factors of depressive emotions explored using Logistic regression model.Results The detection rate of depressive emotions among middle school students in Yantai was 19.89%,Univariate analysis showed that the differences in influences of genders,origins of students,student types,guardian categories and adolescent life events on depressive emotions were statistically significant(P<0.05 or 0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that female,rural students,students of graduation class,non-parents guardians,interpersonal relationship,learning pressure and punishment were risk factors for depressive emotions(P<0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion Depressive emotions are a subclinical state,the detection rate of depressive emotions is higher in middle school students in Yantai city,it is of great significance to adjust students'psychological state and reduce the occurrence of extreme events to intervene the high-risk factors of depressive emotions.