自杀高危人群心理特征分析

Analysis of psychological characteristics of high-risk suicide population

目的回顾性分析32名有自杀线索居民的基本调查资料,探讨自杀高危居民的心理特征。方法选取2010年1月~2018年10月昆明市盘龙区滇源镇和阿子营镇有自杀线索的32名居民作为研究对象,采用自编人口学基本信息调查表、自杀态度调查问卷(SAQ)、Barratt冲动性人格特征量表(BIS-11)、儿童受虐问卷(CTQ)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对其进行入户调查。结果自杀高危居民中,大部分对自杀持中立或矛盾态度(81.25%),一部分人持肯定和宽容态度(15.63%),很少人有持否定和歧视态度(3.12%)。40.63%的自杀高危居民有儿童期受虐经历,躯体忽视、情感忽视、情感虐待、躯体虐待的分别占40.63%、21.87%、9.37%、6.25%。自杀高危居民BIS-11总分、积极应对维度分、消极应对维度分、SSRS总分分别为(43.04±16.24)分、(19.85±8.36)分、(10.77±4.94)分、(39.42±8.67)分。Pearson积差相关分析显示,SAQ总均分与文化程度、家庭月收入呈负相关(P<0.05或0.01);与职业、家庭成员自杀史、自杀未遂史呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论自杀高危居民对自杀的态度较为开放,应该对有家庭成员自杀史、自杀未遂史、儿童期虐待、冲动型人格特征、消极应对方式、社会支持少的人群给予高度关注。

Objective To retrospectively analyze basic survey data of 32 residents with suicide clues and explore psychological characteristics of high-risk suicide residents.Methods Household surveys were conducted in 32 residents with suicide clues from Jan.2010 to Oct.2018 in Dianyuan and Aziying town of Panlong district in Kunming city using self-compiled demographic basic information questionnaire,Suicide Attitude Questionnaire(SAQ),Barratt Impulsiveness Scale version11(BIS-11),Childhood Trauma Questionnaire(CTQ),Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ)and Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS).Results Among high-risk suicide population,most were neutral or ambivalent about suicide(81.25%),some people positive and tolerant(15.63%),and very few negative and discriminatory(3.12%).40.63%of residents at high risk of suicide suffered childhood abuse,physical neglect,emotional neglect,emotional abuse and physical abuse were 40.63%,21.87%,9.37%and 6.25%respectively.Total,positive coping factor and negative coping factor score of the BIS-11 as well as total score of the SSRS in residents at high risk of suicide were 43.04±16.24,19.85±8.36,10.77±4.94 and 39.42±8.67 respectively.Pearson product moment correlation showed that the grand average of the SAQ was negatively correlated with education levels and family monthly income(P<0.05 or 0.01)and positively with occupation,suicide history of family member and history of suicide attempt(P<0.05).Conclusion Residents at high-risk suicide are more open to suicide,attention-should be paid to those with suicide history of family member,history of attempted suicide,childhood a buse,impulsive personality,negative coping style and low social support.