古罗斯对拜占庭文学的接受路径与变异重建

The Reception Path and Variant Reconstruction of Byzantine Literature in the Old Rus

拜占庭帝国对古罗斯文学的形成和发展起到了至关重要且绵延持久的影响。古罗斯对拜占庭文学的接受有着特定的历史语境,它主要诉诸古罗斯由原始氏族制向封建社会形态的更迭、由多神教向基督教的转变以及斯拉夫文字的创制与普及。古罗斯在大量汲取拜占庭文学传统的同时,凝结出植根于本土文学发展的三条接受路径:从审美起始的教义阐释路径,以建构国家意识和民族精神为目的的接受路径,以通俗性文字为载体的写作路径。在此基础上衍生出古罗斯对拜占庭文学和文化遗产的接受变异,主要表现在对积淀于拜占庭帝国千年历史中的功利性实用主义态度和强人崇拜等精神文化理念的承袭,从而深层次影响了俄罗斯民族化的世界观、人生观和价值体系的重建。

The Byzantine Empire has a crucial and enduring influence on the formation and development of Old Rus'literature.Old Rus'absorbed the Byzantine literature in a specific historical context mainly because it was moving from its primitive clan system to the feudal society,turning from polytheism to Christianity,and creating and promoting the Slavic script.While drawing heavily from the Byzantine literary traditions,the old Rus settled on three reception approaches premised on the development of its own literature:making doctrinal interpretation based on aesthetics,serving the purpose of constructing national consciousness and national spirit,and using the popular text as the medium of writing.In consequence,its variant reception of the Byzantine literature and cultural heritage has,by and large,shaped up its attitude and acceptance toward the utilitarian pragmatism and the worship of strongman accumulated in the millennium-long history of the Byzantine Empire,thus deeply affecting the reconstruction of the nationalized outlook on world,life,and values in Russia.