古尔纳《海边》中去“本土化”书写与新世界文学愿景

The Writing of Delocalization and Vision of New World Literature in Gurnah's By the Sea

古尔纳的《海边》体现了对非洲民族主义创作倾向的背离,揭示了新政府的专制统治、政治腐败、东非内部的种族主义、阶级压迫以及伊斯兰文化出现的伦理失范等问题。同时,小说对欧洲中心主义进行了批判,展现了欧洲人对黑人根深蒂固的种族歧视、欧洲白人至上、文化优越的具体表现以及受殖者的自我殖民与自我迷失。古尔纳还探索了全球化时代新世界文学愿景,对“世界文学”概念及世界文学创作与研究中产生的问题、全球化时代新世界文学未来发展作了深入思考,认为只有扬弃狭隘的本土意识和民族主义,突破其“本土化”与片面性,才能重建新世界文学主体精神与人文价值。古尔纳开辟了一条通向多元、开放、平等的新世界文学通衢大道。

Abdulrazak Gurnah's By the Sea presents a departure from the tendency of the nationalistic writing in Africa and reveals the autocratic rule and political corruption of the new government,the internal racism and class oppression in East Africa,and the ethical anomie emerged in Islamic culture.At the same time,the novel criticizes Eurocentrism and lays out the specific details about not only the deeply-rooted racial discrimination of blacks by the Europeans and the European sense of white supremacy and cultural superiority,but also the self-colonization and self-nihilism of the colonized.Also,Gurnah explores the vision of the new world literature in the age of globalization,reflects on the concept of"world literature"the problems arising from the writing and studies of world literature,and the future development of the new world literature,and advocates on the need to discard the narrow sense of nativism and nationalism and transcend the partiality of"localization"as the only way to reconstruct the subjective spirit and humanistic value of the new world literature.Gurnah has pioneered a great path toward a pluralistic,open,and equal new world literature.