超导电动悬浮应用研究与技术展望

Research and technological prospects of applications for superconducting electrodynamic suspension

相比于传统交通工具,高速磁浮列车具有其他交通方式无可比拟的优势,通过多年的研究与实践,国际上形成了电磁悬浮与电动悬浮2种较成熟的磁悬浮制式。超导电动悬浮具备潜在的高速、超高速运行应用优势,具有系统结构拓扑简洁、可靠性高、更好的浮重比、更大的悬浮间隙,悬浮系统自稳定等特点。文章概述了日本、韩国、美国、中国的电动悬浮技术应用研究进展,详细介绍了中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司研制的高温超导电动悬浮全要素试验系统,该试验系统的建设对超导电动悬浮关键技术的研究与设计方法的校核提供了有力的支持。目前,超导电动悬浮列车仍处于工程化验证的探索和起步阶段,需要得到相关研究机构的重视、扩充研发力量,解决关键部件、配套装备、试验线路等相关研发问题。未来,磁浮技术将向更高的速度、更好的经济性、更实用的技术方向发展。

Compared to traditional transportation methods,high-speed maglev trains have many advantages.On a world-wide scale,two modes of maglev systems,electromagnetic suspension(EMS)and electrodynamic suspension(EDS),have emerged mature through years of research and practice.The superconducting(SC)EDS system has potential applications for high-speed and ultra highspeed transportation,with simple system topology,high reliability,better floating to weight ratio,larger suspension gap,and self-stable characteristics of the suspension system.This paper outlines the research progress of electrodynamic suspension technology in Japan,South Korea,the United States,and China,and provides a detailed introduction to the full elements test system of high-temperature SC EDS developed by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co.,Ltd.The construction of this test system promotes the research of key technologies and verification of design methods in SC EDS.Currently,the SC EDS train is still in the exploration and initial stage of engineering verification,and it requires the attention and expansion of research institutions,in order to solve the research and development problems related to key components,supporting equipment,and test tracks.In the future,maglev technology will develop towards higher speeds,better economical,and more practical technological directions.