地铁车辆受电弓异常磨耗研究

Study on abnormal abrasion of metro pantograph

弓网系统是城市轨道交通列车供电的中枢系统。较高的列车速度和复杂的列车运行环境会导致受电弓网系统产生剧烈的振动,从而引发高频燃弧和弓网异常磨耗现象。为了探究弓网异常磨耗的机理,文章以某地铁线路为例,研究了各运行指标与弓网异常磨耗关系及各指标间的联系。首先,通过阐述弓网运行状态指标定义及计算公式,提出弓网异常磨耗主要影响指标的选取。搭建某地铁数据采集系统,获取地铁线路运行实测数据;其次,统计分析新旧滑板在不同工况下各个指标分布的规律和变化趋势,研究了各个指标之间的相关性;最后,采用时空维度关联分析法,基于同一工况分析各个指标在空间与时间两个维度上存在的内在联系与差异。研究结果表明:滑板与接触线磨合初期,由于未形成光亮氧化层以致接触不够稳定,导致弓网接触燃弧率增加,从而使得弓网燃弧率上升,但指标间变化趋势并不明显。随着滑板运行至稳定磨耗期,受电弓离线率、燃弧和硬点异常率存在较大的相关性,当其中有一项指标发生异常时,总伴随其余指标发生异常。异常磨耗的发生常伴随有弓网运行指标的异常,可通过对运行参数的监控,完成对弓网异常磨耗的监测和预防,为研究弓网异常磨耗机理提供了一种有效方法。

Pantograph-catenary system is the central system for the power supply of urban rail transit trains.Higher train speed and complex train operating environment can generate severe vibrations on the pantograph-catenary system,resulting in high-frequency arcing and abnormal abrasion of pantograph.Taking the abnormal abrasion of the pantograph-catenary system in a metro project as an example,this paper studies the relationship between operation indicators and the abnormal abrasion of pantograph-catenary system,and correlations among the operation indicators.Firstly,this paper proposed the selection of indicators influencing the abnormal abrasion of pantograph-catenary system based on the definition of status indicator of pantograph-catenary operation and calculation formula.The data collection system of the metro line was established to obtain the measured data in the operation of the metro.Secondly,this paper statistically analyzed the distribution law and change trend of the indicators of old and new sliders under different working conditions,and studied the correlation among the indicators.Finally,under the same working condition,spatiotemporal dimension association analysis was used to analyze the internal connections and differences of each indicator in terms of space and time.The research results show that:in the early stage of running-in between the slider and the catenary,the arcing rate increases due to the lack of an oxide layer,which leads to an increase in the arcing rate of the pantograph-catenary contact,but the change trend between the indicators is not obvious.As the slider runs to a stable abrasion period,there is a strong correlation between the offline rate of the pantograph,arcing rate,and abnormal rate of the hard point.When one of the indicators is abnormal,it is always accompanied by the abnormality of the other indicators.The occurrence of abnormal abrasion is often accompanied by the abnormality of pantograph-catenary operation indicators.The monitoring and prevention of abnormal abrasion of pantograph-catenary can be completed by monitoring operation parameters,which provides an effective method for studying the mechanism of abnormal abrasion of pantograph-catenary.