基层治理转型背景下农民不合作行为的产生及其应对

Farmers'Non-Cooperative Behavior and Its Countermeasures in the Context of Governance Transformation at the Community Level

农民是乡村治理的最终目标群体,农民的态度与行为直接关系到乡村治理过程的顺利展开。然而,农民的不合作已成为困扰当前中国乡村治理的重大问题。与早期的农民不合作行为不同,当前的农民不合作行为表现出不合作行为目标的政府指向、不合作行为主体的扩大化以及不合作行为对乡村秩序的强冲击性等新型特征。国家资源分配的技术化路径是造成农民不合作行为扩大与持续产生的直接原因,此种资源分配方式将农民和发挥协调国家与农民关系作用的村级组织排斥于资源分配的决策与执行体系之外。资源分配的技术化路径是国家为增强资源分配安全性而对基层代理人权力进行控制与约束的结果,这构成当前农民不合作行为扩大与持续产生的深层缘由。要破解这一困境,有必要改变国家资源的分配路径,从代理人权力控制思路转化为组织群众思路,让组织起来的农民成为资源分配的主体。这不仅能起到抑制农民不合作行为的扩大化和持续产生的效果,而且还可以从整体上达到国家资源分配的安全性与有效性目标的平衡。

Farmers are the ultimate target of rural governance.Their attitudes and behaviors are closely related with the smooth development of rural governance.However,farmers'non-cooperation has become a major problem in China's rural governance.Different from the early farmers'non-cooperative behavior,the current one shows new characteristics,such as the government orientation,the expansion of the subject,and the strong impact on the rural order.The technicalization of national resource allocation is the direct reason for the expansion and continuous reproduction of farmers'non cooperative behavior.This resource allocation mode excludes farmers and village organizations that play a role in coordinating the relationship between the state and farmers from the decision-making and implementation system of resource allocation.The technicalization of resource allocation is the result of the state controlling and restricting the power of agents at the community level in order to enhance the security of resource input,which constitutes the deep reason for the expansion and continuous reproduction of current farmers'non cooperative behavior.To solve this dilemma,it is necessary to change the distribution of national resources from agent power control to the organization of the masses,so that the organized farmers can become the main body of resource distribution.This can not only restrain the expansion and continuous reproduction of farmers'non cooperative behavior,but also achieve the balance between the security and effectiveness of national resource allocation as a whole.