平灾结合视角下城市社区商业设施的应急生活物资保障研究——基于日美经验

Study on Emergency Supplies Support of Urban Community Commercial Facilities Normal Conditions and Calamity:Experiences of Japan and the United States

面对自然灾害和公共卫生事件,城市居民能否正常获取生活物资是维持居民正常生活的关键之一,也是城市韧性重要的微观体现。当前我国针对社区等微观层面的应急生活物资保障建设仍存在不足,应急状态下生活物资运输的“最后一公里”成了当前应急生活物资保障的重点难点。日本、美国广泛推动社区商业设施的平灾结合建设,强化社区层面的应急生活物资保障能力。本文从平灾结合和韧性城市理论出发,梳理当前我国社区层面应急生活物资保障建设中存在的问题,总结社区商业平灾转换的建设和管理问题,结合日本、美国在社区商业应急应用建设的实例,提出推进法规建设、强化政策扶持、强韧硬件设施、构建应急预案等方法,强化社区商业点的平灾转换效率和应急管理能力,以期为未来社区层面应急生活物资保障建设提供理论依据。

In the face of natural disasters and public health events,the ability of urban residents to access living supplies is one of the keys to maintaining an everyday life for residents.It is also a critical microcosmic manifestation of urban resilience.Currently,the construction of emergency supplies for communities in China still needs improvement.The“last foot”of the supply chain has become a key challenge for emergency supplies.Japan and the United States have widely promoted the construction of emergency functions in community commercial facilities to strengthen the ability to guarantee emergency supplies at the community level.This paper starts with theories of urban resilience and combination of normal conditions and calamity.By sorting out the current problems in building emergency supply systems at the community level in China,summarizing construction and management problems in the transition of the urban community commercial facilities between normal times and disaster periods and analyzing the experience of use of urban community commercial facilities in disaster period in Japan and the United States,this paper proposes several suggestions to strengthen the efficiency of transition between normal times and disaster periods and the emergency management capacity of the urban community commercial facilities.These suggestions include:establishing regulations for using community commercial facilities in disaster periods,improving cooperation mechanism by support policy,strengthening the disaster adaptation capacity of hardware facilities,constructing emergency plans for continuous operation.