日本城市历史地区地下空间的适应性利用与借鉴

Adaptive Utilization of Underground Space in Urban Historic Area of Japan and Its Reference

作为一种新型国土空间资源,地下空间能够在提高城区土地使用效率、平衡历史城市和历史地区保护与发展的关系方面发挥积极的助力作用。日本在快速城市化时期,当城市新增功能开发需求与历史文化遗产保护发生矛盾时,通过地下空间的适应性利用有效地缓解了两者在空间资源上的争夺,使历史文化传承与提高容积率、改善设施等发展需求之间相对和谐,这也可被视为一种空间“供给侧”改革的作法。本文介绍了日本城市历史地区地下空间发展情况,研究了在空间组织模式、功能组织利用、地下建设与更新技术等方面的适应性利用内容和方法,并针对我国目前城市历史地区地下空间建设存在的问题提出建议,为解决城市中历史地区保护与发展协调推进的问题提供借鉴。

Since the reform of land and space planning,as a new type of land resource,underground space could improve the efficiency of land use,and balance the relationship between conservation and development of historic cities and areas sufficiently.During the period of rapid urbanization in Japan,the conflict between the urban development of new functions and the conservation of historical and cultural heritage has been resolved by the adaptive use of underground space.It has effectively eased the contention between these two aspects.It has helped to establish the harmonization between the protection of historical and cultural heritage and improving the density and the quality of incrustation.It can be regarded as reform method of spatial‘supplement’.This paper introduces underground space development in historic areas of Japanese cities.It studies the content and methods of spatial organization,the functional organization utilization,underground construction and renewable technologies.It also addresses the problems of spatial construction in historic urban areas in China.Furthermore,it makes suggestions that selecting the underground spatial development methods according to the location conditions,adaptable selecting the underground space function,regenerating and improving the underground infrastructure,and considering to integrate the new underground technologies with historic heritage development.It could inspire and provide references for solving the problems between urban conservation and future advanced development.