小城镇戴维斯增长管理历程、实施政策及其特色

The Growth Management Process,Implementation Policy and Characteristics of Small Town,City of Davis

北加州小城镇戴维斯市自1973年实施“增长管理”,是美国最早推行该政策的城镇之一。此后历次城市规划中,在基本保持最初用地规模的基础上,不断丰富相关城市规划策略,包括大学城建设、内生式发展、田园生态社区以及与绿带结合的自行车系统等。本文通过回溯戴维斯增长管理政策实施以来的城市发展历程,讨论渗透其中的规划理念和核心策略;同时,将戴维斯的增长管理政策置于更大的理论脉络,与美国大中城市比较,讨论两者在增长管理的实施政策方面的差异,指出戴维斯推行的增长管理具有超前和主动性、地方性、外部性,以及动态演变和多政策捆绑重构等特点。最后,围绕增长管理与人们田园生活方式、农科大学城与可持续发展策略的契合关系等话题,提出若干启示。

City of Davis,California,is one of the earliest towns in the United States to implement“growth management”since 1973.From then,in the previous urban planning,on the basis of maintaining the original scale of land use,relevant urban planning strategies have been continuously enriched,including university town,rural ecological community,bicycle system combined with green belt,etc.This paper reviews the urban development process of Davis’growth management policy since its implementation,and discusses the planning concepts and core strategies.At the same time,this paper compares Davis as a small town with large and medium-sized cities in the United States,and discusses the differences in the implementation policies of growth management between them.It points out that Davis’implementation of growth management is ahead of schedule and initiative,locality,externality,as well as dynamic evolution and multi policy binding reconstruction.Finally,the paper puts forward some suggestions on the relationship between growth management and people’s rural life style,agricultural university town and sustainable development strategy.