大垄双行种植密度对花生群体结构和产量的影响

Effects of Planting Density on Population Structure and Yield of Peanutin Two Rows with Big Ridge

【目的】为确立大垄双行种植模式下的合理种植密度,构建高产花生群体模式,研究大垄(90cm)双行种植密度对花生植株性状、群体结构变化及产量的影响。【方法】以半蔓生型花生品种‘四粒红’和直立型花生品种‘吉花26’为材料,设置6个种植密度M1(31.71万株/hm^(2))、M2(27.75万株/hm^(2))、M3(24.67万株/hm^(2))、M4(22.20万株/hm^(2))、M5(18.50万株/hm^(2))、M6(15.85万株/hm^(2)),以单垄(60 cm)双粒播种(11.93万穴/hm^(2))为对照(CK),测定不同种植密度下各花生品种的出苗率、植株生长情况、SPAD值、干物质积累量及产量,建立花生合理群体结构和不同类型品种的最佳种植密度。【结果】不同的花生类型在不同种植密度下,出苗和齐苗的时间不同,‘四粒红’早于‘吉花26’出苗,播后25 d‘四粒红’在M3密度下出苗率最高、达100%,播后30 d‘吉花26’在M3密度下出苗率最高、达100%,均极显著高于其他密度。随着种植密度的降低,两品种主茎高和侧枝长逐渐增高,SPAD值呈先升高后降低趋势;‘吉花26’的干物质积累量先升高后降低,‘四粒红’的干物质积累量则逐渐升高。此外,随着种植密度的降低,单株结果数、单株生产力和百果质量先增多后减少,‘吉花26’在M4密度下最高,‘四粒红’在M5密度下最高,均极显著高于其他密度。同时,两试验品种的花生荚果产量不断提高,‘吉花26’在M4时产量达到最高、为7956.67 kg/hm^(2),‘四粒红’在M5时产量最高、为4790.73 kg/hm^(2),分别比对照增产96.14%、65.42%。【结论】大垄双行+单粒播种种植模式相对于单垄双粒种植模式可以增加花生株高、SPAD值、干物质积累量,同时提高了产量。在密度一致的情况下,花生可以由双粒穴播改为单粒精播,以提高花生产量,应用大垄双行种植时,应根据花生品种类型选择适宜的播种密度,半蔓生型花生品种以M5密度最佳,直立型花生品种以M4密度最佳。

【Objective】In order to establish the reasonable planting density under the double-row planting model of large ridges and build a high-yielding peanut group model,the impact of the double-row planting density of large ridges(90 cm)on the characteristics,group structure changes and yield of peanut plants was studied.【Method】The semi-trailing type peanut variety‘Silihong’and the erect type‘Jihua26’were used as experimental materials.Set 6 planting densities:M1(31.71×104 plants/hm^(2)),M2(27.75×104 plants/hm^(2)),M3(24.67×104 plants/hm^(2)),M4(22.20×104 plants/hm^(2)),M5(18.50×104 plants/hm^(2)),M6(15.85×104 plants/hm^(2)),based on single ridge(60 cm)double-seed sowing(11.93×104 holes/hm^(2))as a comparison(CK).Determine the seedling rate,plant growth,SPAD value,dry matter accumulation and yield of each peanut variety under different density,and establish a reasonable group structure of peanuts and the optimal planting density of different varieties.【Result】The emergence time of different varieties was different under different planting densities,the emergence time of‘Silihong’was earlier than‘Jihua 26’.25 days after sowing,the seedling rate of‘Silihong’was up to 100%at M3 density,30 days after sowing,the seedling rate of‘Jihua26’was up to 100%at M3 density,which were significantly higher than other densities.With the decrease of planting density,the height of the main stem and the length of the side branch gradually increase with the decrease of the number of plants per unit area;the SPAD value tends to increase first and then decrease with the decrease of planting density;‘Jihua 26’with the decrease of density,the quality of dry matter showed a tendency to rise first and then decrease,and‘Silihong’the accumulated amount showed a trend of gradually increasing.With the reduction of planting density,the number of pods per plant,pod yield per plant and weight of 100-pod increased first and then decreased of the two experimental varieties,the highest value was under M4 density of‘Jihua26’and M5 density of‘Silihong’,which were significantly higher than other densities.The yield of the two experimental varieties continues to increase,Jihua 26 at M4 density had highest yield was 7956.67 kg/hm^(2) and‘Silihong’at M5 density had highest yield was 4790.73 kg/hm^(2),compare to control increase 96.14%and 65.42%respectively.【Conclusion】Compared with the singlerow double-seed planting mode,the large ridge double-row+single-seed planting mode can increase the peanut height,SPAD and dry matter accumulation.At the same time,the yield is improved.Under the condition that the density remains unchanged,peanuts can be changed from double-seed to single-seed precision sowing,which increases the yield.When planting in two rows of large ridges,the appropriate sowing density should be selected according to the type of peanut varieties.The M5 density of the semi-trailing type peanut varieties is the best,and the M4 density of the erect type peanut is the best.