沼液肥喷施对棉花生长及产量品质的影响

Effects of Leaf Spraying Biogas Slurry Fertilizer on Cotton Yield and Quality

【目的】沼液肥是一种优质的有机液体肥,新疆棉田有机肥施用较少或不施,本研究以期探究叶面喷施沼液肥对新疆绿洲棉花生长及产量品质的影响。【方法】设置4个沼液肥喷施量梯度:0 kg/hm^(2)(CK)、15 kg/hm^(2)(OM1)、30 kg/hm^(2)(OM2)、45 kg/hm^(2)(OM3)进行棉花叶面喷施试验,蕾期、花期分两次喷施后,调查棉花株高、叶片数、叶宽,称量棉花各器官干物质量,测定功能叶叶绿素含量,分析产量品质指标等,研究沼液肥喷施对棉花生长及产量品质的影响。【结果】(1)喷施沼液肥可促进棉花生长,显著提高棉花株高、叶片数、叶宽,OM2(30 kg/hm^(2))处理的各项生长指标均表现较好;(2)喷施沼液肥显著增加了棉株茎、叶、蕾(铃)、根部的干物质量,蕾期喷施后棉花各器官干物质量随喷施浓度增加而增加;花期喷施后,仅叶片干物质量随喷施量增加而增加;(3)叶面喷施沼液肥可提高棉花叶片叶绿素含量。在蕾期至花期,OM2处理叶片的SPAD值在63.35~71.55之间,随时间推移其SPAD值变化幅度最小;(4)随沼液肥喷施量的增加,棉花产量先增加后降低,OM2处理下籽棉产量最高、为6338 kg/hm^(2),比对照增产7.37%。喷施沼液肥整体提升了棉花纤维品质,提高了棉花纤维长度、纤维整齐度、马克隆值,随沼液肥喷施量的增加,棉花纤维长度呈下降趋势、纤维整齐度和马克隆值则先增加后降低、纤维断裂比强度先降后升,且OM2处理下纤维断裂比强度最低、为31.78 cN/tex。【结论】在新疆绿洲植棉区,棉花蕾期、花期叶面喷施沼液肥,可促进棉花生长,有利于维持棉花功能叶片的叶绿素含量(SPAD值);适宜喷施沼液肥,可提高棉花产量和品质,但是过量喷施沼液肥(OM3,45 kg/hm^(2)),反而会降低棉花产量。

【Objective】Biogas slurry fertilizer is a kind of high quality organic liquid fertilizer,and the application of organic fertilizer in cotton fields in Xinjiang is less or no.This study was conducted to explore the effects of foliar spraying biogas slurry fertilizer on the growth,yield and quality of cotton in oasis of Xinjiang.【Method】Four concentration gradients of biogas slurry fertilizer were set:Cotton foliar spraying experiment was carried out at 0 kg/hm^(2)(CK),15 kg/hm^(2)(OM1),30 kg/hm^(2)(OM2),45 kg/hm^(2)(OM3).After spraying at bud stage and flowering stage,cotton plant height,leaf number and leaf width were investigated,and dry matter weight of each organ of cotton was weighed.The effects of biogas slurry fertilizer spraying on cotton growth,yield and quality were studied by measuring chlorophyll content of functional leaves and analyzing yield and quality indexes.【Result】(1)Application of biogas slurry fertilizer could promote the growth of cotton,significantly increase the plant height,leaf number and leaf width of cotton,and the growth indexes of cotton treated with OM2(30 kg/hm^(2))were better.(2)The dry matter weight of stem,leaf,bud(boll)and root was significantly increased by applying biogas slurry fertilizer.The dry matter weight in various organs of cotton increased with the increase of spraying concentration at bud stage.After spraying at flowering stage,only the dry matter of leaves increased with the increase of spraying concentration.(3)Spraying biogas slurry fertilizer on leaves can increase the chlorophyll content of cotton leaves.From bud stage to flowering stage,the SPAD values of leaves in OM2 treatment was between 63.35 and 71.55,with the smallest change over time.(4)With the increase of biogas slurry fertilizer application rate,cotton yield first increased and then decreased,and OM2 treatment had the highest seed cotton yield(6338 kg/hm^(2))which increased by 7.37%compared with the CK.The application of biogas slurry fertilizer showed that the overall quality of cotton fiber was improved,and the length,uniformity and Macronaire value of cotton fiber were improved.With the increase of biogas slurry fertilizer application amount,the length of cotton fiber showed a downward trend.The uniformity and Micronaire valu e of fiber increased first and then decreased.The breaking strength decreased first and then increased,and the lowest value was 31.78 cN/tex under OM2 treatment.【Conclusion】In the oasis cotton planting area of Xinjiang,spraying biogas slurry fertilizer on the leaf surface of cotton at bud stage and flowering stage promoted the growth of cotton,and was beneficial to maintain the chlorophyll content(SPAD values)of functional cotton leaves.Suitable for spraying biogas slurry fertilizer,can improve cotton yield and quality,but excessive spraying biogas slurry fertilizer(OM3:45 kg/hm^(2))will reduce cotton yield.