儿童青少年强迫障碍的临床特征和治疗新进展

Clinical characteristics and new progress in the therapy of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents

强迫障碍是一种病因不明的精神障碍,以强迫思维和强迫行为为主要临床特征。儿童青少年患者起病年龄早,患病率高,病程长且易反复,致残率高,预后欠佳,严重影响患者的学习、生活和工作。且儿童青少年患者临床表现特异性差,常合并其他焦虑相关的症状,早期诊断极易被忽视。目前,临床上常用的治疗方法主要是认知行为治疗、西药治疗、中医治疗及物理治疗等,但目前缺乏针对儿童青少年患者的疗法。通过对研究儿童青少年强迫障碍的文献进行梳理,特别关注其临床表现和治疗,旨在提高儿童青少年强迫障碍的诊疗率,力争早发现早干预,为儿童青少年强迫障碍的研究提供有利的参考。

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a mental disorder of unknown etiology,with obsessivecompulsive thinking and behavior as the main clinical characteristics.Children and adolescent patients have an early onset age,a high incidence rate,a long course of the disease and easy to recurrence,a high disability rate,and a poor prognosis,which seriously affects the patient’s learning,life,and work.Moreover,children and adolescent patients have poor specificity of clinical manifestation,often accompanied by other anxiety-related symptoms,and early diagnosis is easily overlooked.At present,the commonly used therapies in clinical practice mainly include cognitive behavioral therapy,Western medicine therapy,traditional Chinese medicine therapy,and physical therapy,but there is currently a lack of therapies targeting children and adolescents.By reviewing the literature on obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents,with special attention to its clinical manifestations and therapy,the aim is to improve the diagnosis and treatment rate of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents,strive for early detection and intervention,and provide favorable references for the study of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents.