从《鲁赫纳玛》看土库曼斯坦的民族建构

The Nation-building Efforts of Turkmenistan from“Rukhnama”

土库曼斯坦的民族建构深受其首任总统尼亚佐夫的影响,而《鲁赫纳玛》一书则集中体现了尼亚佐夫的民族建构思想。《鲁赫纳玛》通过重述土库曼人的历史、总结土库曼人的民族性等方式塑造了土库曼斯坦主体民族——土库曼人的民族认同,进而拓展到对土库曼斯坦民族的建构。然而,该书的论述往往看似逻辑自洽,实则充满矛盾。这种现象固然是尼亚佐夫的土库曼斯坦民族建构思想还不甚完善的体现,但本质上,则是中亚新独立国家在苏联解体后的转型时代所面临的内政外交困境的反映。

Turkmenistan’s nation-building is deeply influenced by its first president Niyazov,and Rukhnama is the concentrated embodiment of Niyazov’s thought on national construction.Rukhnama,by retelling the history and summarizing the nationality of Turkmen,shaped the national identity of Turkmen,the main nationality of Turkmenistan,and then expanded to the construction of the Turkmenistan nation.However,Niyazov’s arguments in the book often seem logically consistent,but in fact are full of contradictions.Although this phenomenon is the reflection of imperfection of Niyazov’s idea about national construction of Turkmenistan,in essence,it is the reflection of the internal and diplomatic difficulties faced by the newly independent Central Asian countries in the transitional period after the collapse of the Soviet Union.