我国高校拔尖创新人才自主培养模式与实践难点

Self Cultivation Mode and Practice Difficulties of Top Innovative Talents in Colleges and Universities

改革开放以来,我国高校拔尖创新人才培养实践探索形成了高校少年班、“拔尖计划”“强基计划”等多项国家层面政策设计,高校层面形成了少年班的贯通培养、大师领衔的拔尖人才培养、强化通识教育的书院制、注重本科整体质量的“泛拔尖”培养等多种模式。但实践中也面临统一高考与高校自主选拔、早期选拔愿景与实际培养困难、国家政策目标与高校培养责任、资源投入需求和公众公平质疑等多方挑战和实施困难。在深入推进科教兴国战略过程中,需要进一步完善相关政策法规、落实高校主体责任、加强政府统筹协调,提高拔尖创新人才培养的合法性、自主性和协同性,从而全面提升高校拔尖创新人才自主培养质量。

Since the reform and opening up,the practice and exploration of cultivating top innovative talents in China's colleges and universities have formed a number of national level policy designs,such as Special Class for Gifted Youths,Everest Plan,Pilot Reform Program of Enrollment for Basic Subjects.At the university level,a variety of models have been formed,such as the comprehensive training of youth classes,the training of top talents led by masters,the college system of strengthening general education,and the"universal top-notch"training focusing on the overall quality of undergraduate courses.But in practice,it also faces many challenges and implementation difficulties,such as national college entrance examination and independent selection of colleges and universities,early selection vision and practical training dfficulties,national policy objectives and college training responsibilities,resource investment needs and public fairness challenges.In the process of further promoting the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education,it is necessary to further improve relevant policies and regulations,implement the main responsibilities of colleges and universities,strengthen the overall coordination of the government,and improve the legitimacy,autonomy and synergy of the selection and training of top innovative talents,so as to comprehensively improve the quality of independent training of top innovative talents in colleges and universities.