数字时代的宪法监督:一种价值维护机制

Constitutional Supervision in the Digital Age:A Value-Maintenance Mechanism

数字时代的宪法监督本质上仍然是一种价值维护机制。数字技术的发展让算法产生了类似法律的规制作用,这种规制作用加深了政府公权力对基本权利的干预程度,同时让大型公司和平台成为了事实上的社会性权力。然而,算法自身的规制功能和法律层面的监督无法克服公权力和社会性权力运行中产生的“数字鸿沟”“算法歧视”“信息茧房”等问题,解决这些问题仍然需要宪法层面的监督。数字时代的宪法监督要维护社会主义原则和基本权利客观价值秩序,以特定问题调查权和合宪性问题专项报告机制为制度依托,实现宪法监督从针对文本的合宪性审查到全方位监督的转变。

Constitutional supervision in the digital age is still essentially a value-maintenance mechanism.The development of digital technology has made algorithm play a law-like regulatory role,which has deepened the degree of governmental public power’s interference with fundamental rights and has made large companies and platforms de facto social power.However,the regulatory function of algorithm itself and the supervision at the le⁃gal level cannot overcome the problems such as“digital divide”,“algorithm discrimination”,and“information cocoon”arising from the operation of public power and social power,and the solution of these problems still re⁃quires the supervision at the constitutional level.Constitutional supervision in the digital age should maintain the socialist principles and the objective value order of basic rights,rely on the power to investigate specific is⁃sues and the special reporting mechanism on constitutionality as the institutional support to realize the transfor⁃mation of constitutional supervision from text-targeted constitutional review to all-round supervision.