政府数据开放中个人信息删除权的构建

Study on the Construction of the Right to Erase Personal Information in Government Data Opening

在开放数据中请求删除涉及本人的信息,是一项重要的个人权益保护机制。通过对政府数据开放中个人信息多元价值、风险及现存法律规定局限性的分析,提出在当下我国公共服务水平及大数据技术持续发展大背景下构建个人信息删除权之正当性与现实必要性。对政府数据开放中个人信息删除权进行的内容设计主要包括权利与义务主体、权利行使与限制及侵权损害。在权利主体为自然人的基础上应进行适度扩张及构建政府部门与第三方处理机构的双义务主体模式,构建专门数据审查机关及审查标准,以传统经济财产损害及赔偿为基础、以放宽精神损害认定标准为突破,将“风险性损害”纳入现有侵权损害应对体系,实现对删除权的有效救济。

The request for getting personal information deleted in open data is an important mechanism for pro⁃tecting personal rights and interests.On the basis of the analysis of the multiple values,risks,and limitations of existing legal provisions of personal information in government data opening,the legitimacy and realistic neces⁃sity of constructing the right to erase personal information in the context of current public service level in China and the continuous development of big data technology is proposed.The content design of the right to erase per⁃sonal information in government data opening mainly includes the subject of rights and obligations,the exercise and restriction of rights,and the infringement damage.It is proposed to moderately expand and construct the du⁃al-obligation-subject model of government department and third party processing organization on the basis of a natural person as the subject of rights,to establish a special data review authority and review standards,and to incorporate“risk damage”into the existing infringement damage response system as a kind of innovation on the basis of traditional economic property damage and compensation and with taking relaxing the criteria for deter⁃mining mental impairment as a breakthrough in order to realize the effective relief of the right to erasure.