城市社区治理的逻辑演变:行政化、去行政化到共同体

The Logical Evolution of Urban Community Governance:Administration,De-Administration to Community

社区作为城市治理的基本单位,是政府与社会的互动场域,如何处理好行政职责下沉与社区自治职能履行之间的关系,成为基层治理实践中的重要命题。以历史发展为主轴,探析建立在政府与社区互动基础上的城市社区变迁脉络和轨迹路径,发现我国城市社区治理的演变经历了政府主导社区治理的“行政化”阶段、社区自治功能回归的“去行政化”阶段,正迈向多元主体“共建共治共享”的社区治理共同体新格局阶段。行政化阶段,城市社区经历了从单位制、街居制再到社区制的沿革,行政功能冗余而自治功能弱化。去行政化阶段以“社区减负”为直接目的、以“回归自治本位”为基本目标,面临社区自治空间建构困境。在“共建共治共享”背景下,城市社区治理共同体中政府发挥治理优势,凝聚合力,基于多主体形成关系网络,从情感、利益多维度路径助推政社互动。

As the basic unit of urban governance,community is the interaction field between government and society.How to deal with the relationship between the sinking of administrative duties and the fulfillment of community autonomy functions has become an important proposition in the practice of grassroots governance.Taking the historical development as the main axis,this article analyzes the context and path of urban communi⁃ty change on the basis of the interaction between government and community,and finds that the evolutional log⁃ic of urban community governance in China has experienced the“administration”stage of government-led com⁃munity governance and the“de-administration”stage where community autonomy functions returned,and is now heading towards a new pattern of community governance with multiple subjects’“co-construction,co-gov⁃ernance,and sharing”.In the stage of administration,where urban community experienced the evolution from the unit system,the neighborhood system to the community system,administrative functions were redundant while autonomous functions were weakened.At the stage of de-administration,where“reducing the burden on the community”was taken as the direct purpose and“returning to the autonomy standard”as the basic goal,were still faced with the dilemma of constructing the community autonomy space.In the context of“co-construc⁃tion,co-governance,and sharing”,urban community should enable the government to give full play to its gover⁃nance advantages and cohesive forces,take the formation of a multi-subject cooperation network as the essence,and boost political and social interaction through multi-dimensional paths such as emotion and benefits.