用删除找回遗忘:重建数字社会的平衡结构

To Get Back Forgetting Through Erasure:To Rebuild the Balanced Structure of Digital Society

记忆与遗忘是个体不得不面对的矛盾,也是社会不得不直面的矛盾。对个体来说,生理性遗忘机制维持记忆与遗忘之间的平衡。对社会来说,遗忘成为一种社会性宽容机制。但就整个社会来看,即使借助语言、文本甚至是现代模拟电子信息来增强集体记忆,遗忘仍然是常态,而记忆则是例外。数字化记忆使社会的全面记录成为可能,全面数字化意味着在数字化背景下,遗忘成为一种奢望。社会的全面数字化要求引入删除作为一种社会性遗忘机制以维持数字社会中记忆与遗忘之间的再平衡。这就涉及谁拥有删除权,删除权力在权力主体之间如何分配,如何对这些权力主体进行有效监督等问题。显然,这种权力分配及监督不可能是工业社会基础上的完善,而是数字社会下的权力结构重构。

Memory and forgetting are a contradictory pair that both individuals and society have to face.For in⁃dividuals,physiological forgetting mechanisms maintain a balance between memory and forgetting.For society,forgetting becomes a social tolerance mechanism.But for society as a whole,even when collective memory is en⁃hanced with the help of language,text,and even modern analog electronic information,forgetting remains the norm while memory the exception.Digital memory makes a comprehensive record of society possible,and com⁃prehensive digitalization means that in the context of digitalization,forgetting becomes an extravagant hope.The overall digitization of society requires the introduction of erasure as a social forgetting mechanism to maintain a rebalance between memory and forgetting in digital society,which involves who has the right to erasure,how to distribute the right to erasure among the authority subjects,and how to effectively supervise these subjects.It is obvious that this kind of right distribution and supervision is not the improvement on the basis of industrial soci⁃ety,but the reconstruction of authority structure in the context of digital society.