国土空间用地用海管控下的文物保护规划用地分类优化路径研究

Research on Improving Classification and Control of Planning Land for Cultural Relics Protection under the Control of Land and Sea Use

文物保护单位依法划定的保护范围和建设控制地带,受《文物保护法》保护,在其范围内进行生产、生活和建设活动,均应依法报批许可。编制文物保护规划是对文物保护单位进行保护、管理和利用,将依法管理落到实处的主要抓手。当前我国实行国土空间用地用海统一管理,即多规合一,管理“一张图”。2020年自然资源部办公厅发布《国土空间调查、规划、用途管制用地用海分类指南》(试行),统一全国用地用海分类,给文物保护单位保护规划用地分类提供了顶层指导。然而,文物保护单位的保护规划用地,地下不可知因素较多,规划范围内用地性质很难确定,对于所在地生产、生活、建设的影响,不可预知性较大。本文拟在国土空间管理规范性文件指导下,结合文物行业相关规范、标准,对文物保护单位保护范围和建设控制地带的用地用海分类进行探讨,将文物保护规划用地用海分类与国土空间分类相衔接,以助于保护规划的科学编制,规范管理。

The scope of protection and the construction control area determined by Cultural Relics Protection Units according to law are supported by the Law of People's Republic of China on Protection of Cultural Relics.Any production,living and construction activities within the scope shall be submitted for approval according to law.In order to strengthen the management according to law,cultural relics protection planning can be formulated to facilitate the protection,management and utilization of cultural relics.However,there are many unknowable underground factors in the planning land determined by Cultural Relics Protection Units,which makes it difficult to determine the nature of the land use within the planning scope of Cultural Relics Protection Units,so it has unpredictable impacts on local production,living and construction activities.It is necessary to emphasize the rule of law,unified management of land and sea use,and strive to achieve integration of regulations and unifed management.In 2020,The Ministry of Natural Resources issued Guidelines for Classification of Land and Sea for Territorial Space Investigation,Planning,and Use Control(Trial),which unified national land and sea classification and provided top-level guidance for the land classification of Cultural Relics Protection Units.Under the guidance of the Guidelines,this paper considers relevant norms and standards of cultural relics protection,discusses the protection scope of Cultural Relics Protection Units and the classification of land and sea in the construction control area,with a view to connecting the classification of land and sea for cultural relics protection planning with the classification of land and sea for territorial space,which is conducive to the scientific compilation and standardized management of protection planning of Cultural RelicsProtectionUnits.